صِحَةُHealthالإِيمَانِof faith
The health of faith.
فَإِنَّهُFor heلَاdoes notيَصِيرُbecomeمُؤْمِنًاa believerكَمَاasلَوْifأَقَرَّhe acknowledgesبِلِسَانِهِwith his tongueوَلَمْand did notيُصَدِّقْbelieveبِجَنَانِهِwith his heart
For he does not become a believer as if he acknowledges with his tongue and does not believe with his heart.
قَالَHe said
He said.
فَإِنْIfأَنْكَرَhe deniesلِشَيْءٍsomethingمِنْofخَلْقِهِhis creationفَقَالَhe saidلَاnoأَدْرِيI knowمَنْwhoخَلَقَcreatedهَذَاthisفَهُوَthen heكَافِرٌdisbeliever
If he denies something of his creation, saying 'I do not know who created this,' then he is a disbeliever.
لِأَنَّBecauseاللَّهَGodتَعَالَىthe Most Highخَلَقَcreatedكُلَّeverythingشَيْءٍthing
Because God, the Most High, created everything.
وَكَذَلِكَAnd likewiseإِذَاifقَالَhe saidلَاI do notأَعْلَمُknowأَنْthatاللَّهَGodتَعَالَىthe Most Highفَرَضَobligatedعَلَيَّonصَلَاةًprayerوَلَاnorصَوْمًاfastingوَلَاnorزَكَاةًalmsgivingفَقَدْthenكَفَرَdisbelieved
And likewise, if he says 'I do not know that God, the Most High, obligated me to pray, fast, or give alms,' then he has disbelieved.
لِأَنَّBecauseالْفَرْضَthe obligationمَنْصُوصٌis statedعَلَيْهِon himوَهُوَand it isقَوْلُهُhis statementتَعَالَىthe Most High«وأقيموا‘Establishالصَّلَاةَthe prayerوَآتُواand giveالزَّكَاةَthe alms’
Because the obligation is stated, and it is His statement, the Most High, 'Establish the prayer and give the alms.'
وَإِذَاAnd ifقَالَhe saysأَوْorمِنَfromهَذِهِthis verseالْآيَةَthe verseوَلَاnorأَعْلَمُknowتَأْوِيلَهَاits interpretationوَتَفْسِيرَهَاand its explanationفَإِنَّهُthen heلَاdoes notيُكَفِّرُdisbelieveلَأَنَّهُbecauseمُصَدِّقٌbelieverبِالتَّنْزِيلِwith the revelationوَإِنْalthoughكَانَhe was
And if he says or from this verse and I do not know its interpretation and explanation, then he does not disbelieve because he is a believer with the revelation, although he may be mistaken in interpretation.
قَالَHe saidفَإِنَّIfأَقَرَّhe acknowledgesبِجَمْلَةِin entiretyالإِسْلَامِof Islamفِيinأَرْضِthe landالتُّرْكِof the Turksوَلَاand notيَعْلَمُhe knowsشَيْئًاanythingمِنَofالْفَرَائِضِthe obligationsوَلَاnorشَرَائِعَthe lawsالإِيمَانِof faithوَلَاnorالْكِتَابَthe bookوَلَاnorيُقِرُّhe acknowledgesبِشَيْءٍanything
He said, 'If he acknowledges in entirety Islam in the land of the Turks and does not know anything of the obligations, nor the laws of faith, nor the book, nor does he acknowledge anything from it, he is a believer even if he does not know anything and did not act upon it.'
قَالَThe juristالْفَقِيهُthe juristرَحِمَهُmay he have mercyاللَّهُGodهَذَاthisيُفِيدُinformsفَائِدَتَيْنِtwo benefits١1إِحْدَاهُمَاOne of themأَنْthatالإِيمَانَfaithبِالتَّقْلِيدِby imitationصَحِيحٌis correctوَإِنْand ifلَمْnotتَهْتَدِbe guidedإِلَىtoالإِسْلَامِIslamخِلَافًاcontraryلِلْمُعْتَزِلَةِto the Mu'tazilaوَالأَشْعَرِيَّةِand the Ash'ariإِنَّهَاthat theyلَاdoes notتُصَحِّحَانِmake validالإِيمَانَthe faithبِالتَّقْلِيدِby imitationوَيَقُولَانِand they sayبِكُفْرِdisbeliefالْعَامَّةِthe common peopleوَهَذَاand thisقَبِيحٌis uglyلِأَنَّهُbecauseيُؤَدِّيit leadsإِلَىtoتَفْوِيتِthe loss ofحِكْمَةِthe wisdomاللَّهِof Godتَعَالَىthe Most Highفِيinالرِّسَالَةِthe messageوَالنُّبُوَّةِand the prophecyلِأَنَّbecauseمَنْwhoأُعْطِيَwas givenالرِّسَالَةَthe messageوَالنُّبُوَّةَand the prophecyأُمِرَwas orderedأَوَّلًاfirstبِعَرْضِby presentingالإِسْلَامَIslamعَلَىtoالْكَافِرَةِthe disbelieversفَلَوْIfكَانَit wereالإِسْلَامُIslamلَاdoes notتُصَحِّحُbe validبِالْعَرْضِby presentationوَالتَّقْلِيدِand imitationلَفَاتَتِwould missالحِكْمَةَthe wisdomفِيinالرِّسَالَةِthe messageإِلَّاexceptأَنْthatدَرَجَةَlevelالِاسْتِنْدَالِof inferenceأَعْلَىhigherمِنْthanدَرَجَةَlevelالتَّقْلِيدِof imitation
The jurist said, 'This informs us of two benefits: one of them is that faith by imitation is correct even if he has not been guided to Islam, contrary to the Mu'tazila and the Ash'ari, for they do not validate faith by imitation and claim that the common people are disbelievers. This is ugly because it leads to the loss of the wisdom of God, the Most High, in the message and prophecy, for whoever was given the message and prophecy was ordered first to present Islam to the disbelievers. If Islam could not be valid by presentation and imitation, it would miss the wisdom in the message except that the level of inference is higher than the level of imitation.'