وَإِذْAnd whenعَاهَدَhe has swornغَدَرَbetraysوَإِذْAnd whenخَاصَمَhe disputesفَجَرَhe is aggressiveفَأَخْبِرْSo informأَنَّهُthat itمِنْwhoكَانَتْhadفِيهِin himخَصْلَةٌa traitمِنْهُنَّof themكَانَتْwasفِيهِin himخَصْلَةٌa traitمِنْofالنِّفَاقِhypocrisy
And when he has sworn, he betrays, and when he disputes, he is aggressive. So inform that whoever has a trait of them has a trait of hypocrisy.
وَقَدْAnd it hasثَبَتَbeen establishedفِيinالْحَدِيثِthe hadithالصَّحِيحِauthenticأَنَّهُthat heقَالَsaidلِأَبِيto AbuذَرِّDharrإِنَّكَIndeed, youامْرُؤٌare a manفِيكَin youجَاهِلِيَّةٌa state of ignorance
And it has been established in the authentic hadith that he said to Abu Dharr, 'Indeed, you are a man in a state of ignorance.'
وَأَبُوAnd AbuذَرٍّDharrرَضِيَmay Allah be pleasedاللَّهُwith Allahعَنْهُwith himمِنْamongأَصْدِقَاءِthe truestالنَّاسِof the peopleإِيمَانًاin faith
And Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him, is among the truest of people in faith.
وَقَالَAnd he saidفِيinالْحَدِيثِthe hadithالصَّحِيحِauthenticأَرْبَعٌFourفِيinأُمَّتِيmy Ummahمِنْofأَمْرِthe mattersالْجَاهِلِيَّةِof ignoranceالْفَخْرِthe prideبِالْأَحْسَابِwith lineageوَالطَّعْنِand the attackingفِيinالْأَنْسَابِlineagesوَالْنياحَةِand mourningوَالِاسْتِسْقَاءِand seeking rainfallبِالنُّجُومِby the stars
And he said in the authentic hadith, 'Four in my Ummah from the matters of ignorance are pride in lineage, attacking lineages, mourning, and seeking rainfall by the stars.'
وَقَالَAnd he saidفِيinالْحَدِيثِthe hadithالصَّحِيحِauthenticلَتَتْبَعُنَّYou will surely followسُنَنَthe traditionsمَنْof those whoكَانُواwereقَبْلَكُمْbefore youحَذْوَas closely asالْقُذَّةِthe fiberبِالْقُذَّةِwith the fiberحَتَّىuntilلَوْifدَخَلُواthey enteredجُحْرَa holeضَبٍّof a lizardلَدَخَلْتُمُوهُyou would enter it
And he said in the authentic hadith, 'You will surely follow the traditions of those who were before you, as closely as the fiber with the fiber, until if they entered a lizard's hole, you would enter it.'
قَالُواThey saidالْيَهُودُthe Jewsوَالنَّصَارَىand the Christians
They said, 'The Jews and the Christians.'
قَالَHe saidفَمَنْThen whoوَقَالَAnd he saidأَيْضًاalsoفِيinالْحَدِيثِthe hadithالصَّحِيحِauthenticلَتَأْخُذُنَّYou will take indeedأُمَّتِيmy Ummahمَاwhatأَخَذَتْthey tookالْأُمَمُthe nationsقَبْلَهَاbefore itشِبْرًاa spanبِشِبْرٍby spanوَذِرَاعًاand an arm's lengthبِذِرَاعٍby arm length
He said, 'Then who?' And he also said in the authentic hadith, 'You will indeed take what the nations before you took, span by span and arm's length by arm's length.'
قَالُواThey saidفَارِسُthe Persiansوَالرُّومُand the Romans
They said, 'The Persians and the Romans.'
قَالَHe saidوَمَنْAnd whoأُنَاسٌare the peopleإِلَّاexceptهَـٰؤُلَاءِthese
He said, 'And who are the people except these?'
وَقَالَAnd saidابْنُIbnأَبِيof AbiمَلِيكَةَMalaikahأَدْرَكْتُI reachedثَلاَثِينَthirtyمِنْofأَصْحَابِthe companionsمُحَمَّدٍMuhammadصَلَّىpeace be uponاللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهُon himوَسَلَّمَand blessingsكُلُّهُمْall of themيَخَافُfearالنِّفَاقَhypocrisyعَلَىonنَفْسِهِمthemselves
And Ibn Abi Malaikah said, 'I reached thirty of the companions of Muhammad, peace be upon him, and all of them feared hypocrisy for themselves.'
وَعَنْAnd aboutعَلِيٍّAliأَوْorحُذَيْفَةَHudhayfahرَضِيَmay Allah be pleasedاللَّهُwith Allahعَنْهُمَاwith both of themقَالَhe saidالْقُلُوبُThe heartsأَرْبَعَةٌare fourقَلْبٌA heartأَجْرَدُbareفِيهِin itسِرَاجٌa lampيَزْهُرُshiningفَذَٰلِكَSo that isقَلْبٌthe heartالْمُؤْمِنِof the believerوَقَلْبٌAnd a heartأَغْلَفُcoveredفَذَاكَso that isقَلْبٌthe heartالْكَافِرِof the disbelieverوَقَلْبٌAnd a heartمُنْكُوسٌreversedفَذَاكَso that isقَلْبٌthe heartالْمُنَافِقِof the hypocriteوَقَلْبٌAnd a heartفِيهِin itمَادَّتَانِtwo elementsمَادَّةٌan elementتَمُدُّextendsهitالإِيمانَthe faithوَمَادَّةٌand an elementتَمُدُّextendsهitالنِّفَاقَhypocrisy
And about Ali or Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with both of them, he said, 'The hearts are four: a bare heart that has a shining lamp, that is the heart of the believer; a covered heart, that is the heart of the disbeliever; a reversed heart, that is the heart of the hypocrite; and a heart that has two elements, one that extends it in faith and one that extends it in hypocrisy.'
فَأُولَـٰئِكَSo thoseقَوْمٌare peopleخَالَطُواwho mixedعَمَلًاactionsصَالِحًاgoodوَآخَرَand anotherسَيِّئًاbad
So those are people who mixed good actions and bad.
وَإِذَاAnd ifعَرَفَhe knowsهَذَاthisعَلِمَhe knowsأَنْthatكُلَّeveryعَبْدٍslaveيَنْتَفِعُbenefitsبِمَاwith whatذُكِرَhas been mentionedاللَّهُAllahفِيinالإِيمَانِfaithمِنَofمَدْحٍpraiseشُعَبِthe branchesالإِيمَانِof faithوَذَمٍّand blameشُعَبِthe branchesالكُفْرِof disbelief
And if he knows this, he knows that every slave benefits from what has been mentioned by Allah in faith, from the praise of the branches of faith and the blame of the branches of disbelief.
وَهَذَاAnd thisكَماas likeيَقُولُthey sayبَعْضُهُمْsome of themفِيinقَوْلِهِمtheir sayingاهْدِنَاGuide usالصِّرَاطَthe pathالمُسْتَقِيمَthe straight
And this, as some of them say in their saying, 'Guide us to the straight path.'
فَيَقُولُونَThen they sayالْمُؤْمِنُthe believerقَدْhas certainlyهَدَىbeen guidedإِلَىtoالصِّرَاطِthe pathالمُسْتَقِيمِthe straightفَأَيُّSo whatفَائِدَةٍbenefitفِيinطَلَبِaskingالْهُدَىfor guidanceثُمَّthenيُجِيبُthey answerبَعْضُهُمْsome of themبِأَنَّthatالمَعْنَىthe meaningثَبِّتْنَاis to establish usعَلَىonالْهُدَىthe guidance
Then they say, 'The believer has certainly been guided to the straight path, so what benefit is there in asking for guidance?' Then some of them respond that the meaning is to establish us on guidance.
كَمَاasتَقُولُyou sayالْعَرَبُthe Arabsلِلنَّائِمِto the sleeperنَمْsleepحَتَّىuntilآتِيكَI come to you
As the Arabs say to the sleeper, 'Sleep until I come to you.'
أَوْOrيَقُولُونَthey sayبَعْضُهُمْsome of themاَلْزِمْmake firmقُلُوبَنَاour heartsالْهُدَىto the guidance
Or some of them say, 'Make our hearts firm on guidance.'
فَحَذَفَSo he omittedالْمَلْزُومَthe necessaryوَيَقُولُونَand they sayبَعْضُهُمْsome of themزِدْنِيincrease meهُدًىin guidance
So he omitted the necessary, and they say, 'Increase me in guidance.'
وَإِنَّمَاAnd indeedيُورِدُونَthey presentهَذَاthisالسُّؤَالَquestionلِعَدَمِdue to notتَصَوُّرِهِمtheir understandingالصِّرَاطَthe pathالمُسْتَقِيمَthe straightالَّذِيthatيَطْلُبُthe slave seeksالْعِبَادَةَthe worshipإِلَيْهِto it
And indeed they present this question due to not understanding the straight path that the slave seeks to worship.
فَإِنَّSo indeedالمَعْنَىthe meaningبِهِby itالْعَمَلَthe actionبِمَاwith whatأَمَرَAllah has commandedاللَّهُAllahبِهِby itوَتَرْكًAand to leaveمَاwhatنَهَىHe has prohibitedاللَّهُAllahعَنْهُfrom itفِيinجَمِيعِallالأُمُورِmatters
So indeed the meaning is the action with what Allah has commanded by it and to leave what Allah has prohibited from it in all matters.
وَإِنَّAnd the humanالْإِنْسَانَand ifكَانَhe has acknowledgedأَقَرَّthat Muhammad isبِأَنَّthatمُحَمَّدًاMuhammad isرَسُولٌthe Messengerاللَّهِof Allahوَأَنَّand thatالْقُرْآنَthe Quran isحَقٌّthe truthعَلَىonسَبِيلِthe wayالإِجْمَالِof generalization
And if the human has acknowledged that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah and that the Quran is the truth in a general way.
فَأَكْثَرُthen mostمَاthat whichيَحْتَاجُhe needsإِلَيْهِto itمِنَofالْعِلْمِknowledgeبِمَاwith whatيَنْفَعُهُbenefits himوَيَضُرُّand harmsوَمَاand whatأَمَرَhe has commandedبِهِby itوَمَاand whatنَهَىhe has prohibitedعَنْهُfrom itفِيinتَفَاصِيلِthe detailsالأُمُورِof affairsوَجُزْئِيَّاتِهَاand their particulars
Then most of what he needs in knowledge with what benefits him and harms him, and what he has commanded by it and what he has prohibited from it in the details of matters and their particulars.
لَمْHe did notيَعْرِفْهُknow itوَمَاand whatعَرَفَهُhe has knownفَكثيرٌthen muchمِنْهُof itلَمْdid notيَعْمَلْهُact upon it
He did not know it and much of what he has known, he did not act upon it.
وَلَوْAnd ifقَدَرَhe couldأَنْthatبَلَّغَهُhe reachedكُلَّeveryأَمْرٍmatterوَنَهَىand prohibitionفِيinالْقُرْآنِthe Quranوَالسُّنَّةِand the Sunnah
And if he could reach every matter and prohibition in the Quran and the Sunnah.
فَالْقُرْآنُThen the Quranوَالسُّنَّةُand the Sunnahإِنَّمَاindeedتُذَكِّرُrecountsفِيهمَاin themالأُمُورَthe mattersالْعَامَّةَgeneralالْكُلِّيَّةَthe entiretyلَاnotيُمْكِنُcanغَيْرَother thanذَٰلِكَthatلَاnotيُذْكَرُmentionedمَاwhatيَخُصُّpertains toبِهِitكُلِّeveryعَبْدٍslave
Then the Quran and the Sunnah indeed recount in them the general matters; not can it be anything other than that. It does not mention what pertains to every slave.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for thisأَمَرَthe commandالْإِنْسَانَto the humanفِيinمَثَلِlikeذَٰلِكَthatبِسُؤَالِby askingالْهُدَىguidanceإِلَىtoالصِّرَاطِthe pathالمُسْتَقِيمِthe straight
And for this, the command to the human in such matters is by asking for guidance to the straight path.
وَالْهُدَىAnd the guidanceإِلَىtoالصِّرَاطِthe pathالمُسْتَقِيمِthe straightيَتَنَاوَلُcoversهَذَاthisكُلَّهُallيَتَنَاوَلُcoversالتَّعْرِيفَthe clarificationبِمَاwith whatجَاءَcameبِهِwith itالرَّسُولُthe Messengerمُفَصَّلًاdetailedوَيَتَنَاوَلُand coversالتَّعْرِيفَthe definitionبِمَاwith whatيَدْخُلُentersفِيinأَوَامِرِهِhis commandsالْكُلِّيَّاتِthe general
And the guidance to the straight path covers all of this; it covers the definition with what the Messenger came with detailed, and encompasses the definition of what enters into his general commands.