الْمَائِدَةُThe Table
The Table.
يَاOأَيُّهَاyouالَّذِينَwhoآمَنُواbelieved
O you who have believed.
مَنWhoيَرْتَدَّturns backمِنْكُمْfrom among youعَنِfromدِينِهِhis religion
Whoever of you turns back from his religion.
فَسَوْفَThen surelyيَأْتِيَwill comeاللَّهُAllahبِقَوْمٍwith a peopleيُحِبُّهُمْHe loves themوَandيُحِبُّونَهُthey love Him
Then surely Allah will bring forth a people whom He loves and who love Him.
أَذِلَّةٌ[they will be] humbleعَلَىtowardsالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believers
[They will be] humble towards the believers.
أَعِزَّةٌ[and] mightyعَلَىagainstالْكَافِرِينَthe disbelievers
And mighty against the disbelievers.
يُجَاهِدُونَThey struggleفِيinسَبِيلِthe pathاللَّهِof Allah
They strive in the path of Allah.
وَلَاAnd do notيَخَافُونَfearلَوْمَةَthe blameلائمٍof the blamer
And they do not fear the blame of the blamer.
فَإِنَّIndeedالْمَحَبَّةَloveمُسْتَلْزِمَةٌis necessaryلِلْجِهَادِfor striving.
Indeed, love is necessary for striving.
وَلِأَنَّAnd becauseالْمُحِبَّthe belovedيُحِبُّlovesمَاwhatيُحِبُّhe lovesمَحْبُوبَهُhis beloved.
And because the beloved loves what his beloved loves.
وَيَبْغَضُAnd he hatesمَاwhatيَبْغَضُhe hatesمَحْبُوبَهُhis beloved.
And he hates what his beloved hates.
وَيُوَالِيAnd he alliesمَنwhomيُوَالِيhe supportsمَحْبُوبَهُhis beloved.
And he supports those who are allies of his beloved.
وَيُعَادِيAnd he opposesمَنwhomeverيُعَادِيhe opposes.وَيَرْضَىAnd he is pleasedلِرِضَاهُfor the pleasureوَيَغْضَبُAnd he is angryلِغَضَبِهِfor his anger.
And he opposes those who oppose his beloved, and he is pleased for His pleasure and angry for His anger.
وَيَأْمُرُAnd he commandsبِمَاwith whatيَأْمُرُhe commandsبِهِwith it.
And he commands with what He commands.
وَيَنْهَىAnd he forbidsعَمَّاfrom whatنَهَىhe forbids.عَنْهُfrom it.
And he forbids from what He forbids.
فَهُوَSo he isمُوَافِقٌin agreementفِيinذَلِكَthat.
So he is in agreement in this.
وَهَؤُلَاءِAnd thoseهُمْareالَّذِينَthose whoيَرْضَىpleaseالرَّبُّthe Lordلِرِضَاهُمْfor their pleasure.
And those are the ones for whom the Lord is pleased for their pleasure.
وَيَغْضَبُAnd He is angryلِغَضَبِهِمfor their anger.إِذَاWheneverهُمْtheyإِنَّمَاonlyيَرْضُونَare pleasedلِرِضَاهُfor His pleasure,وَيَغْضَبُونَand they get angryلِمَاfor whatيَغْضَبُHe angers for.
Whenever they are pleased, they are pleased for His pleasure, and whenever they get angry, they are angry for what He gets angry for.
كَمَاAsقَالَsaidالنَّبِيُّthe Prophet(صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ)(peace be upon him)
As the Prophet (peace be upon him) said.
لِأَبِيto AbuبَكْرٍBakrفِيinطَائِفَةٍa groupمِنْهُمْamong themصُهَيْبٍSuhaibوَبِلَالٍand Bilal.
To Abu Bakr in a group among them was Suhaib and Bilal.
لَعَلَّكَPerhaps youأَغْضَبْتَهُمْangering them.لَئِنْIfكُنتَyou wereأَغْضَبْتَهُمْangering them,
Perhaps you have angered them; if you have angered them.
لَقَدْIndeedأَغْضَبْتَyou have angeredرَبَّكَyour Lord.
You have indeed angered your Lord.
فَقَالَHe saidلَهُمْto them.يَاOإِخْوَتِيmy brothers.
He said to them, O my brothers.
هَلْDidأَغْضَبْتُكُمْI anger you?
Did I anger you?
قَالُواThey saidلَاNo.يَغْفِرُMay He forgiveاللَّهُAllahلَكَfor you,يَاOأَبَاAbuبَكْرٍBakr.
They said, 'No, may Allah forgive you, O Abu Bakr!'
وَكَانَAnd it wasقَدْthatمَرَّpassedبِهِمby themأَبُوAbuسُفْيَانِSufyanبْنِthe sonحَرْبٍof Harb.
And it was that Abu Sufyan the son of Harb passed by them.
فَقَالُواThey saidمَاWhatأَخَذْتَdid you takeالسُّيُوفَthe swordsمَأْخَذَهَاin their hold?
They said, 'What hold did you take the swords in?'
فَقَالَHe saidلَهُمْto them.أَبُوAbuبَكْرٍBakr.
He said to them, 'Abu Bakr.
أَتَقُولُونَWould you sayهَذَاthisلِسَيِّدِto the chiefقُرَيْشٍof Quraysh?
Would you say this to the chief of Quraysh?
وَذَكَرَAnd Abu Bakr mentionedذَلِكَthisلِلنَّبِيِّto the Prophet(صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ)(peace be upon him).
And Abu Bakr mentioned this to the Prophet (peace be upon him).
فَقَالَHe saidلَهُto him.مَاWhatتَقَدَّمَhas proceededلَانَّfor indeedأُولَـٰئِكَthoseإِنَّمَاwere onlyقَالُواthey saidذَلِكَthatغَضَبًاin angerلِلَّهِfor Allah.
He said to him, 'What has passed; indeed those were only saying that in anger for Allah.
لِكَمَالِFor the completenessمَاof whatعِندَهُمْthey haveمِنْofالْمُوَالَاةِloyaltyلِلَّهِto Allahوَرَسُولِهِand to His Messenger,وَالْمُعَادَاةِand enmityلِأَعْدَائِهِمَاto their enemies.
For the completeness of what they have of loyalty to Allah and His Messenger and enmity to their enemies.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for this reason,قَالَsaidالنَّبِيُّthe Prophet(صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ)(peace be upon him)
And for this reason, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said.
فِيInالْحَدِيثِthe hadithالصَّحِيحِthe authenticفِيمَاin whatيُرْوَىis narratedعَنْaboutرَبِّهِhis Lord.
In the authentic hadith that is narrated from his Lord.
لَاNotيَزَالُceasesعَبْدِيMy servantيَتَقَرَّبُto draw nearإِلَيَّto Meبِالنَّوَافِلِwith the supererogatory deeds,
My servant continues to draw near to Me with the supererogatory deeds.
حَتَّىuntilأَحِبَّهُI love him.فَإِذَاThen whenأَحْبَبْتُهُI love him.كُنتُI amسَمْعَهُhis hearingالَّذِيthat whichيَسْمَعُhe hearsبِهِwith it.
Then when I love him, I become his hearing with which he hears.
وَبَصَرَهُAnd his sightالَّذِيthat with whichيُبْصِرُhe sees.بِهِwith it.
And his sight with which he sees.
وَيَدَهُAnd his handالَّتِيthat with whichيَبْطِشُhe strikes.بِهَاwith it.
And his hand with which he strikes.
وَرَجْلَهُAnd his footالَّتِيthat with whichيَمْشِيhe walks.بِهَاwith it.
And his foot with which he walks.
فَبِيSo he with Meيَسْمَعُhe hearsوَبِيand with Meيُبْصِرُhe sees.
So he hears with Me and sees with Me.
وَبِيAnd with Meيَبْطِشُhe strikes.وَبِيand with Meيَمْشِيhe walks.
And he strikes with Me and walks with Me.
وَلَئِنْAnd ifسَأَلَنِيhe asks Me,لَأَعْطِيَنَّهُI will surely give him.
And if he asks Me, I will surely give him.
وَلَئِنْAnd ifاسْتَعَاذَنِيhe seeks refuge with Me,لَأُعِيذَنَّهُI will surely protect him.
And if he seeks refuge with Me, I will surely protect him.
وَمَاAnd nothingتَرَدَّدْتُI hesitatedعَنْaboutشَيْءٍanythingأَنَاthat Iفَاعِلُهُdo.تَرَدُّدِيMy hesitating.
And I did not hesitate concerning anything I was to do.
تَرَدُّدِيMy hesitatingعَنْaboutقَبْضِseizingنَفْسِthe soul ofعَبْدِيMy servantالْمُؤْمِنِthe believer.
My hesitation regarding seizing the soul of My believing servant.
يَكْرَهُHe dislikesالْمَوْتَdeathوَأَنَاand Iأَكْرَهُdislikeمَسَاءَتَهُbringing harm to him.
He dislikes death, and I dislike bringing harm to him.
وَلَاAnd there is noبُدٌّway out for himمِنْهُfrom it.
And there is no way for him to escape it.
فَبَيِّنَتْThen it is made clearأَنَّهُthat heيَتَرَدَّدُhesitatesلِأَنَّbecauseالتَّرَدُّدَthe hesitationتَعَارُضٌis a contradictionإرَادَتَيْنِbetween two wills.
Then it is made clear that he hesitates because hesitation is a contradiction between two wills.
وَهُوَAnd He isسُبْحَانَهُExaltedيُحِبُّlovesمَاwhatيُحِبُّhe lovesعَبْدَهُHis servant.
And He, exalted, loves what His servant loves.
وَيَكْرَهُAnd dislikesمَاwhatيَكْرَهُhe hates.
And dislikes what he hates.
وَهُوَAnd He isيَكْرَهُdislikes death.فَهُوَSo He dislikes it.
So He dislikes it.
كَمَاAsقَالَsaidوَأَنَاand Iأَكْرَهُdislikeمَسَاءَتَهُbringing harm to him.
As He said, and I dislike bringing harm to him.
وَهُوَAnd He isسُبْحَانَهُExaltedقَدْhasقَضَىdecreedبِالْمَوْتِupon death,فَهُوَso Heيُرِيدُwants it.
And He, exalted, has decreed upon death, so He wants it.
فَسَمَّىSo He calledذَلِكَthatتَرَدُّدًاhesitation.
So He called that hesitation.
ثُمَّThenبَيَّنَexplainsأَنَّهُthatلَاnotبُدٌّescapeمِنْهُfrom it.
Then it clarifies that there is no way to escape it.
وَهَذَاAnd thisاتِّحَادٌis a unityفِيinالْمَحْبُوبِwhat is belovedالْمَرْضِيِّand pleasing.
And this is a unity in what is beloved and pleasing.
وَالْمَأْمُورِAnd the commanded,بِهِwith it.وَالْمَبْغُوضِAnd the hatedالْمَكْرُوهِand detested.
And the commanded with it and the detested.
وَقَدAnd it mayيُقَالُbe saidلَهُto it.اتِّحَادٌUnityنَوْعِيٌّof a type.
And it may be said to him: 'Unity of a type.
وَصَفِيٌّAnd a description.وَلَيْسَAnd this does not implyذَلِكَthatاتِّحَادٌunionالذَّاتَيْنِof two essences.
And this does not imply the union of two essences.
فَإِنَّFor surelyذَلِكَthatمُمْتَنِعٌis impossible.
For surely that is impossible.
وَالْقَائِلُAnd whoever saysبِهِthat thing.كَافِرٌis a disbeliever.
And whoever says that is a disbeliever.
وَهُوَAnd this is theقَوْلُsaying ofالنَّصَارَىthe Christiansوَالغَالِيَةِand the extremistsمِنَfromالرَّافِضَةِthe Rejectors,وَالنُّسُكِand the devotees.
And this is the saying of the Christians and the extremists from the Rejectors and the devotees.
كَالحَلَّاجِيَّةِLike Al-Hallajis.وَنَحْوَهُمْAnd others like them.
Like Al-Hallaji and others like them.
وَهُوَAnd it is theالِاتِّحَادُunion that isالْمُقَيَّدُrestrictedفِيinشَيْءٍsomethingبِعَيْنِهِby its very essence.
And it is the union that is restricted in something by its very essence.
وَأَمَّاAnd as forالِاتِّحَادُthe union that isالْمُطْلَقُabsolute.الَّذِيwhichهُوَisقَوْلُthe saying ofأَهْلِthe people ofوَحْدَةِthe unity of existence,الَّذِينَthose whoيَزْعُمُونَclaim.
And as for the absolute union, which is the saying of the people of unity of existence, those who claim.
أَنَّthatوُجُودَthe existence ofالْمَخْلُوقِthe createdهُوَisعَيْنُthe very essence ofوُجُودِthe existence ofالْخَالِقِthe creator.
That the existence of the created is the very essence of the existence of the Creator.
فَهَذَاThis isتَعْطِيلٌannihilationلِلصَّانِعِof the Makerوَجُحُودٌand denialلَهُof Him.
This is annulling the Maker and denial of Him.
وَهُوَAnd this isجَامِعٌinclusive ofكُلِّallشَرْكٍassociation.
And this is inclusive of all forms of associating.
فَكَمَاSo asأَنَّthatالِاتِّحَادُthe unionنَوْعَانِis of two types,
So as the union is of two types,
فَكَذَلِكَso alsoالحُلُولُthe indwellingنَوْعَانِis of two types,
so also the indwelling is of two types,
قَوْمٌpeopleيَقُولُونَwho sayبِالْحُلُولِthat in dwellingالْمُقَيَّدِis restrictedفِيinبَعْضِsomeالأَشْخَاصِpeople.
A group who say that indwelling is restricted in some people.
وَقَوْمٌAnd a groupيَقُولُونَwho sayبِحَلُولِهِthat he dwellsفِيinكُلِّeverything.
And another group who say that he dwells in everything.
وَهُمْAnd they areالْجَهْمِيَّةُthe Jabriyyaالَّذِينَwhoيَقُولُونَsayإِنَّthat indeedذَاتَthe essence ofاللَّهِAllahفِيis inكُلِّeveryمَكَانٍplace.
And they are the Jabriyya who say that the essence of Allah is in every place.
وَقَدAnd it mayيَقَعُoccurلِبَعْضِto some ofالمُصْطَلِمِينَthe annihilatedمِنْofأَهْلِthe people ofالْفَنَاءِannihilation.
And it may occur to some of those who are annihilated from the people of annihilation.
فِيinالْمَحَبَّةِthe loveأَنَّهُthat heيَغِيبُbecomes absentبِمَحْبُوبِهِwith his beloved.
In the love that he becomes absent with his beloved.