عَمَّاAboutيَصِفُونَthey describeإِلَّاexceptعِبَادَthe servantsاللَّهِof Allahالْمُخْلِصِينَthe sincere
About what they describe, except for the sincere servants of Allah.
وَAndقَالَHe saidتَعَالَىThe Exaltedالنِّسَاءِ(is in) the WomenإِنَّIndeedالْمُنَافِقِينَthe hypocritesفِيare inالدَّرَكِthe lowestالْأَسْفَلِdepthsمِنْofالنَّارِthe FireوَلَنْAnd will notتَجِدَfindلَهُمfor themنَصِيرًاa supporter
And Allah, the Exalted, said in the Women: "Indeed, the hypocrites are in the lowest depths of the Fire, and you will not find for them a supporter."
إِلَّاExceptالَّذِينَthose whoتَابُواhave repentedوَأَصْلَحُواand correctedوَاعْتَصَمُواand held fastبِاللَّهِto Allahوَأَخْلَصُواand made their faith sincereدِينَهُمْtheir religionلِلَّهِfor Allah
Except for those who have repented, corrected themselves, held fast to Allah, and made their religion sincere for Him.
وَAndفِيinالْجُمْلَةِsummaryفَهَذَاthisالأَصْلُis the foundationفِيinسُورَةِthe surahالْأَنْعَامِof Al-An'amوَالْأَعْرَافِand Al-A'rafوَالنُّورِand An-Nurوَطَسْمَand Tahaوَحَمand Ha-Mimوَسُورِand the surahsالْمُفَصَّلِof Al-Mufassalوَغَيْرِand otherذَلِكَthatمِنْofالسُّورِthe surahsالْمَكِّيَّةِMeccanوَمَوَاضِعَand placesمِنْfromالسُّورِthe surahsالْمَدَنِيَّةِMedinanكَثِيرَةٍmanyظَاهِرَةٍevident
And in summary, this is the foundation in the surah of Al-An'am, Al-A'raf, An-Nur, Taha, Ha-Mim, and the Al-Mufassal surahs, as well as many other Meccan and Medinan surahs that are evident.
فَهُوَSo it isأَصْلٌthe originالْأُصُولُof the fundamentalsوَandقَاعِدَةٌthe basisالدِّينِof the religionحَتَّىuntilفِيinسُورَتَيْthe two surahsالْإِخْلَاصِof Al-IkhlasقُلْSayيَاOأَيُّهَاthose whoالْكَافِرُونَdisbelieversوَandقُلْSayهُوَHe isاللَّهُAllahأَحَدٌthe One
So it is the origin of the fundamentals and the basis of the religion, even in the two surahs of Al-Ikhlas: 'Say, O disbelievers!' and 'Say, He is Allah, the One.'
وَAndهَاتَانِthese twoالسُّورَتَانِsurahsكَانَتَاwereالنَّبِيُّthe Prophet(صَلَّى(peaceاللَّهُof Allahعَلَيْهِupon himوَسَلَّمَ)and peace)
And these two surahs were recited by the Prophet (peace be upon him) in voluntary prayers.
يَقْرَأُHe used to reciteبِهُمَاthemفِيinصَلَاةِthe prayerالتَّطَوُّعِvoluntaryكَرَكْعَتَيْtwo units ofالطَّوَافِTawafوَandسُنَّةِthe Sunnahالْفَجْرِof Fajrوَهُمَاand they areمُتَضَمِّنَتَانِcontainedلِلتَّوْحِيدِthe oneness
He would recite them in voluntary prayers, such as the two units of Tawaf and the Sunnah of Fajr, and they contain the oneness.
فَأَمَّاAs forقُلْSayيَاOأَيُّهَاthose whoالْكَافِرُونَdisbelieversفَهِيَit isمُتَضَمِّنَةٌcomprisingلِلتَّوْحِيدِof tawheedالْعَمَلِيِّthe practical
As for 'Say, O disbelievers!' it comprises the practical oneness.
الْإِرَادِيِّintentionalوَهُوَand it isإِخْلَاصٌsincerityالدِّينِof the religionلِلَّهِfor Allahبِالْقَصْدِwith intentوَالْإِرَادَةِand desire
And it is the sincerity of the religion for Allah with intent and desire.
وَهُوَAnd it isالَّذِيthat whichيُتَكَلَّمُis spokenبِهِofمَشَايِخِthe shaykhsالتَّصَوُّفِof Sufismغَالِبًاoften
And it is often discussed by the shaykhs of Sufism.
وَأَمَّاAnd as forسُورَةُthe surahقُلْSayهُوَHe isاللَّهُAllahأَحَدٌthe Oneفَمُتَضَمِّنَةٌit comprisesلِلتَّوْحِيدِthe onenessالْقَوْلِيِّverbalوَالْعَمَلِيِّand practical
And as for the surah 'Say, He is Allah, the One,' it comprises both verbal and practical oneness.
كَمَاAsثَبَتَestablishedفِيinالصَّحِيحَيْنِthe two Sahih booksعَنْfromعَائِشَةَAishaأَنَّthatرَجُلًاa manكَانَwasيَقْرَأُrecitingقُلْSayهُوَHe isاللَّهُAllahأَحَدٌthe Oneفِيinصَلَاتِهِhis prayer
As established in the two Sahih books from Aisha, that a man was reciting 'Say, He is Allah, the One,' in his prayer.
فَقَالَSo he saidالنَّبِيُّthe Prophet(صَلَّى(peaceاللَّهُof Allahعَلَيْهِupon himوَسَلَّمَ)and peace)
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said.
اسْأَلُوهُAsk himلِمَwhyيَفْعَلُhe doesذَلِكَthatفَقَالَHe saidلِأَنَّهَاbecause it isصِفَةٌa descriptionالرَّحْمَانِof the Most Mercifulفَأَنَاand Iأُحِبُّهَاlove itفَقَالَSo he saidأَخْبِرُوهُinform himأَنَّthatاللَّهَAllahيُحِبُّهُloves him
Ask him why he does that, and he said: 'Because it is a description of the Most Merciful, and I love it.' So he said: 'Inform him that Allah loves him.'
وَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonتَضَمَّنَتْit encompassedهَذِهِthisالسُّورَةُsurahمِنْofوَصْفِthe descriptionاللَّهِof AllahسُبْحَانَهُGlorifiedوَتَعَالَىand Exaltedالَّذِيwhoيُنَفِّيnegatesقَوْلَthe statementأَهْلِof the peopleالتَّعْطِيلِof negationوَandقَوْلَthe statementأَهْلِof the peopleالتَّمْثِيلِof anthropomorphism
And for this reason, this surah encompasses the description of Allah, Glorified and Exalted, who negates the statements of the people of negation and the statements of the people of anthropomorphism.
مَاWhatصَارَتْbecameبِهِwith itهِيَit isالأَصْلُthe foundationالْمُعْتَمَدِthe relied uponفِيinمَسَائِلِissuesالذَّاتِof the Essence
What became of it is the foundation relied upon in the issues of the Essence.
كَمَاAsقَدْit hasبَسَطْنَاexpandedذَلِكَthatفِيinغَيْرِotherهَذَاthisالمَوْضِعِplace
As we have explained that in other places.
وَذَكَرْنَاAnd we mentionedاعْتِمَادَthe relianceالْأَئِمَةَof the imamsعَلَيْهَاon itمَعَwithمَاwhatتَضَمَّنَتْit containsفِيinتَفْسِيرِthe interpretationالْأَحَدِof the One
And we mentioned the reliance of the imams on it, along with what it contains in the interpretation of the One.
كَمَاAsجَاءَcameتَفْسِيرُهُits interpretationعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophet(صَلَّى(peaceاللَّهُof Allahعَلَيْهِupon himوَسَلَّمَ)and peace)
As came its interpretation from the Prophet (peace be upon him).
وَالمُصَاحِبَةُAnd the companionsوَالتَّابِعِينَand the followersوَمَاand whatدَلَّindicatesعَلَىtoذَلِكَthatمِنَofالدَّلَائِلِthe evidences
And the companions and the followers, and what indicates that from the evidences.
لَكِنButالْمَقْصُودُthe aimهُنَاhereهُوَisالتَّوْحِيدُthe onenessالْعَمَلِيُّthe practical
But the aim here is practical oneness.
وَAndهُوَit isإِخْلَاصٌsincerityالدِّينِof the religionلِلَّهِfor AllahوَإِنAnd ifكَانَتْit isأَحَدُoneالنَّوْعَيْنِof the two typesمُرَتَّبَةًrelatedبِالْآخَرِto the other
And it is the sincerity of the religion for Allah, and if one of the two types is related to the other.
فَلَاThen thereيُوجَدُexistsأَحَدٌno oneمِنْofأَهْلِthe peopleالتَّعْطِيلِof negationالْجَهْمِيَّةِthe Jahmiyyahوَandأَهْلِthe peopleالتَّمْثِيلِof anthropomorphismالْمُشَبِّهَةِthe mushabbihahإِلَّاexceptوَفِيهِand in themنَوْعٌa typeمِنَofالشِّرْكِassociating partners
Then there exists no one from the people of negation, the Jahmiyyah, and the people of anthropomorphism except that in them is a type of associating partners.
إِذْForأَصْلُthe originقَوْلِهِمof their statementفِيin itشِرْكٌis associating partnersوَتَسْوِيَةٌand equalizationبَيْنَbetweenاللَّهِAllahوَandبَيْنَbetweenخَلْقِهِمHis creation
For the origin of their statement in it is associating partners and equalization between Allah and between His creation.
أَوOrبَيْنَهُbetween Himوَandبَيْنَbetweenالْمَعْدُومَاتِthe non-existentsكَمَاjust asيُسَوِّيَانِthey equalizeالْمُعَطِّلَةُthe mu'attilaبَيْنَهُbetween Himوَandبَيْنَbetweenالْمَعْدُومَاتِthe non-existents
Or between Him and the non-existents, just as they equalize the mu'attila between Him and the non-existents.
فِيInالصِّفَاتِthe attributesالسَّلْبِيَّةِnegativeالَّتِيwhichلَاdo notتَسْتَلْزِمُrequireمَدْحًاpraiseوَلَاand norثُبُوتًاassertionكَمَالٍof perfectionأَوorيُسَوِّيُونَthey equalizeبَيْنَهُbetween Himوَandبَيْنَbetweenالنَّاقِصِthe deficientمِنْofالمَوْجُودَاتِthe existentsفِيinصِفَاتِthe attributesالنَّقْصِthe deficiency
In the negative attributes which do not require praise or assertion of perfection, or they equalize Him between the deficient among existents in attributes of deficiency.
وَكَمَاAnd just asيُسَوُّونَthey equalizeإِذْwhenأَثْبَتُواthey affirmedهُمْtheyوَمَنْand whoeverضَاهَاهُمْcorresponds with themمِنَfromالْمُمَثِّلَةِthe anthropomorphistsمُسَاوَاةٌequalizationبَيْنَهُbetween Himوَandبَيْنَbetweenالْمَخْلُوقَاتِthe creationsفِيinحَقَائِقِهَاtheir realities
And just as they equalize, when they affirmed they and whoever corresponds with them from the anthropomorphists, equalization between Him and the creations in their realities.
حَتَّىUntilقَدْtheyيَعْبُدُونَهَاworship themفَيَنْعَدِلُونَand they deviateبِرَبِّهِمْaway from their Lordوَيَجْعَلُونَand they makeلَهُfor Himأَنْدَادًاpartnersوَيُشَبِّهُونَand resembleالْمَخْلُوقَاتِthe creationبِرَبِّwith the Lordالْعَالَمِينَof the worlds
Until they worship them and deviate away from their Lord and make partners for Him and resemble the creation with the Lord of the worlds.
وَالْيَهُودُAnd the Jewsكثيرًاoftenمَاtheyيُعَادِلُونَequateالْخَالِقَthe Creatorبِالْمَخْلُوقِwith the creationوَيُمَثِّلُونَهُand depict Himبِهِwith it
And the Jews often equate the Creator with the creation and depict Him with it.
حَتَّىUntilيَصِفُواthey describeاللَّهَAllahبِالْعَجْزِwith impotenceوَالْفَقْرِand povertyوَالْبُخْلِand stinginess
Until they describe Allah with impotence, poverty, and stinginess.
وَنَحْوَAnd similarlyذَلِكَthatمِنَofالنَّقَائِصِthe deficienciesالَّتِيthatيَجِبُmustتَنْزِيهُهُbe exalted fromعَنْهَاit
And similarly that of the deficiencies which must be exalted from it.
وَهِيَAnd they areمِنَofصِفَاتِهِمthe attributesخَلْقِهِمof His creation
And they are among the attributes of His creation.
وَالْنَّصَارَىAnd the Christiansيُعَادِلُونَequateالْمَخْلُوقَthe creationبِالْخَالِقِwith the Creatorحَتَّىuntilيَجْعَلُواthey makeفِيinالْمَخْلُوقِthe creationمِنَofنُعُوتِthe attributesالرُّبُوبِيَّةِof Lordshipوَصِفَاتِand the attributesالإِلَهِيَّةِof divinity
And the Christians equate the creation with the Creator until they make in the creation attributes of Lordship and attributes of divinity.
وَيُجَوِّزُونَAnd they permitلَهُfor Himمَا لَاwhat is notيَصْلُحُsuitableإِلَّاexceptلِلْخَالِقِfor the CreatorسُبْحَانَهُGlorifiedوَتَعَالَىand Exaltedعَمَّabove whatيَقُولُthey sayالظَّالِمُونَthe wrongdoersعُلُوًّاan exaltationكَبِيرًاgreatly
And they permit for Him what is not suitable except for the Creator, Glorified and Exalted above what the wrongdoers say greatly.
وَاللَّهُAnd AllahسُبْحَانَهُGlorifiedوَتَعَالَىand Exaltedقَدْhasأَمَرَنَاcommanded usأَنtoنَسْأَلَهُask Himالْهِدَايَةَguidanceبِقَوْلِهِwith His sayingاهْدِنَاGuide usالصِّرَاطَthe pathالْمُسْتَقِيمَthe straight
And Allah, Glorified and Exalted, has commanded us to ask Him for guidance with His saying: 'Guide us to the straight path.'