الْكُفَّارُthe disbelieversوَلَاand notيَنْالُونَthey will reachمِنْfromعَدُوٍّenemyنَيْلًاharmإِلَّاexceptكُتِبَتْit is recordedلَهُمْfor themبِهَاwith itعَمَلٌan actionصَالِحٌgoodإِنَّindeedاللَّهَGodلَاdoes notيُضِيعُwasteأَجْرَrewardالْمُحْسِنِينَthe doers of good
The disbelievers cannot harm their enemy except that it is recorded for them as a good deed. Indeed, God does not waste the reward of the doers of good.
بِخِلَافٍunlikeالْمَصَائِبِthe calamitiesالَّتِيwhichتَجْرِيoccurبِلَاwithoutاخْتِيَارٍchoiceالْعَبْدِthe servantكَالْمَرَضِlike sicknessوَمَوْتٍand deathالْعَزِيزِof the belovedعَلَيْهِto himوَأَخْذٍand the takingاللُّصُوصِthievesمَالَهُhis moneyفَإِنَّfor indeedتِلْكَthoseإِنَّمَاonlyيُثَابُونَrewardedعَلَىforالصَّبْرِpatienceعَلَيْهَاon itلَاnotعَلَىonنَفْسٍitselfمَاwhatيَحْدُثُhappensمِنْofالْمُصِيبَةِthe calamityوَمَاand whatيَتَوَلَّدُfollowsعَنْهَاfrom it
Unlike the calamities that occur without the servant's choice, such as sickness and the death of a beloved person, and the taking of his money by thieves, indeed, those are rewarded only for their patience during them, not for the calamity itself and what follows from it.
وَالَّذِينَAnd those whoيُؤْذُونَare harmedعَلَىforالْإِيمَانِthe faithوَطَاعَةِand obedienceاللَّهِof Godوَرَسُولِهِand His Messengerوَيَحْدُثُand they experienceلَهُمْfor themبِسَبَبِbecause ofذَلِكَthatحَرَجٌhardshipأَوْorمَرَضٌsicknessأَوْorحَبْسٌimprisonmentأَوْorفِرَاقٌseparationوَطَنٍْfrom homelandوَذَهَابٍand lossمَالٍof wealthوَأَهْلٍand familyأَوْorضَرْبٍbeatingأَوْorشَتْمٍinsultingأَوْorنَقْصٍlossرِيَاسةٍof rankوَمَالٍand wealthوَهُمْand theyفِيinذَلِكَthatعَلَىonطَرِيقَةِthe way ofالْأَنْبِيَاءِthe prophetsوَأَتْبَاعِهِمand their followersكَالمُهَاجِرِينَlike the first emigrantsالأَوَّلِينَthe earliest
And those who are harmed for their faith and obedience to God and His Messenger, and experience hardships or sickness or imprisonment or separation from their homeland, and the loss of wealth and family, or beating or insults or loss of status or wealth, they are on that way of the prophets and their followers, like the earliest emigrants.
فَهَؤُلَاءِTheseيُثَابُونَwill be rewardedعَلَىforمَاwhatيُؤْذُونَthey are harmedبِهِwith itوَيُكْتَبُand it is recordedلَهُمْfor themبِهِwith itعَمَلٌan actionصَالِحٌgoodكَمَاjust asيُثَابُthey are rewardedالْمُجَاهِدُونَthe fightersعَلَىforمَاwhatيُصِيبُهُمْbefalls themمِنَofالْجُوعِhungerوَالْعَطَشِand thirstوَالْتَّعَبِand fatigueوَعَلَىand forغَيْظَةِthe angerالْكُفَّارِof the disbelievers
These will be rewarded for what they are harmed with, and it is recorded for them as a good deed, just as the fighters are rewarded for what befalls them of hunger, thirst, and fatigue, and for the anger of the disbelievers.
وَإِنْAnd ifكَانَتْit isهَذِهِtheseالْآثَارُeffectsلَيَسَتْare notعَمَلًاactionsفَعَلَهَاdoneيُقَوْمُby himبِهَاwith itلَكِنَّهَاbut itمُتَسَبِّبَةٌis causedعَنْbyعَفْلَةٍthe chosenالْاِخْتِيَارِيَّةِvoluntaryوَهِيَand it isالَّتِيthatيُقَالُis saidلَهَاto beمُتَوَلِّدَةًgenerated
And if these effects are not actions done by him, but they are caused by voluntary choice, and it is what is said to be generated.
وَقَدْAnd it hasاخْتَلَفَdifferedالنَّاسُthe peopleهَلْwhetherيُقَالُit is saidأَنَّهَاthat it isفِعْلٌan actionفَاعِلٍof the doerالسَّبَبِof the causeأَوْorلِلَّهِfor Allahأَوْorلَاnotفَاعِلٌa doerلَهَاfor itوَالصَّحِيحُand the correctأَنَّهَاis that itمُشْتَرَكَةٌis sharedبَيْنَbetweenفَاعِلِthe doerالسَّبَبِof the causeوَسَائِرِand otherالأَسْبَابِcauses
And it has differed among people whether it is said that it is an action of the doer of the cause, for Allah, or that there is no doer for it, and the correct is that it is shared between the doer of the cause and other causes.
وَلِهَذَاAnd thereforeكُتِبَit is recordedلَهُfor himبِهَاwith itعَمَلٌan actionصَالِحٌgoodوَالْمَقْصُودُand the intendedأَنْthatالْحَسَدَenvyمَرَضٌis a diseaseمِنْofأَمْرَاضِthe diseasesالنَّفْسِof the soulوَهُوَand it isمَرَضٌa diseaseغَالِبٌdominantفَلَاso notيَخْلُصُone escapesمِنْهُfrom itإِلَّاexceptالْقَلِيلُthe fewمِنَofالنَّاسِthe people
And therefore, it is recorded for him with it as a good deed, and the intended meaning is that envy is a disease of the soul, and it is a dominant disease that few people escape from.
وَلِهَذَاAnd thereforeيُقَالُit is saidمَاthat noخَلاbodyجَسَدٌis freeمِنْfromحَسَدٍenvyلَكِنْbutاللَّئِيمُthe mean personيُبْدِيهُshowsوَالْكَرِيمُand the generousيُخْفِيهُhides it
And therefore it is said that no body is free from envy, but the mean person shows it, and the generous person hides it.
وَقَدْAnd it has beenقِيلَsaidلِلْحَسَنِto Al-HasanالْبَصْرِيِّAl-Basriأَيُحْسَدُdoes envyالْمُؤْمِنُthe believerفَقَالَhe saidمَاwhatأَنْسَاكَmade you forgetأَخَوَةَthe brotherhoodيُوسُفَof Yusufلَاnoأَبَاfatherلَكَfor youوَلَكِنْbutعَمُّهُhis uncleفِيinصَدْرِكَyour chestفَإِنَّهُfor indeedلَاdoes notيَضُرُّكَharm youمَاwhatلَمْuntilتَعْمَلْyou bringبِهِwith itيَدًّاa handوَلِسَانًاand a tongue
And it has been said to Al-Hasan Al-Basri, 'Does the believer envy?' He said, 'What made you forget the brotherhood of Yusuf? No, for it does not harm you what you do not act upon with your hands and tongue.'
فَمَنSo whoeverوَجَدَfindsفِيinنَفْسِهِhimselfحَسَدًاenvyلِغَيْرِهِfor othersفَعَلَيْهِthen upon himأَنْtoيَسْتَعْمِلَapplyمَعَهُwith itالتَّقْوَىthe pietyوَالصَّبْرَand patienceفَيَكْرَهَand he should dislikeذَلِكَthatمِنْfromنَفْسِهِhimself
So whoever finds in himself envy for others, then upon him it is to apply with it piety and patience, and he should dislike that from himself.
وَكثيرٌAnd manyمِنَofالنَّاسِthe peopleالَّذِينَwhoعِندَهُمْhaveدِينٌreligionلَاnotيَعْتَدُونَthey oppressعَلَىagainstالْمَحْسُودِthe one enviedفَلَاand notيُعِينُونَthey assistمِنْthe one whoظَلَمَهُoppressed himوَلَكِنْbutهُمْtheyأَيْضًاalsoلَاnotيَقُومُونَthey fulfillبِمَاwith whatيَجِبُis requiredمِنْofحَقِّهِhis rightبَلْratherإِذَاifذَمَّهُhe is criticizedأَحَدٌanyoneلَمْnotيُوَافِقُوهُthey agree with himعَلَىuponذَمِهِhis criticismوَلَاand notيَذْكُرُونَthey mentionمَحَامِدَهُhis praises
And many people who have religion do not oppress the one envied, and they do not assist the one who oppressed him. But they also do not fulfill what is required of his right; rather, if anyone criticizes him, they do not agree with him on his criticism, and they do not mention his praises.
وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd likewiseلَوْifمَدَحَهُhe is praisedأَحَدٌanyoneلَسَكَتُواthey remain silent
And likewise, if anyone praises him, they remain silent.
وَهَؤُلاءAnd theseمَدِينُونَare indebtedفِيinتَرْكِleavingالْمَأْمُورِthe commandedفِيinحَقِّهِhis rightمُفَرِّطُونَexcessiveفِيinذَلِكَthatلَاnotمُعْتَدُونَoppressingعَلَيْهِagainst himوَجَزَاؤُهُمْand their rewardأَنَّهُمْis that theyيُبْخَسُونَare deniedحُقُوقَهُمْtheir rightsفَلَاand notيُنْصَفُونَthey are justأَيْضًاalsoفِيinمَوَاضِعَmattersوَلَاand notيَنْصُرُونَthey helpعَلَىagainstمِنْwhomظَلَمَهُمْoppressed themكَمَاjust asلَمْthey did notيَنْصُرُواsupportهَذَاthisالْمَحْسُودَone envied
And these are indebted in neglecting the commanded regarding his right, and they are excessive in that, not oppressing against him, and their reward is that they are denied their rights, and they are not just also in matters, and they do not help those who oppressed them just as they did not support this one envied.
وَأَمَّاAnd as forمَنْwhoاعْتَدَىoppressedبِقَوْلٍby wordsأوْorفِعْلٍby deedsفَذَٰلِكَthatيُعَاقَبُis punishedوَمَنْand whoeverاتَّقَىfearsاللَّهَGodوَصَبَرَand is patientفَلَمْand does notيَدْخُلْenterفِيinالظَّالِمِينَthe wrongdoersنَفَعَهُit benefits himاللَّهُGodبِتَقْوَاهُby his pietyكَمَاjust asجَرَىit occurredلِزَيْنَبَfor Zainabبِنْتِthe daughterجُحَشٍof Juhashرَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَاmay God be pleased with her
And as for the one who oppresses by words or deeds, that one is punished. And whoever fears God and is patient and does not enter into the wrongdoers, it benefits him God by his piety, just as it occurred for Zainab, the daughter of Juhash, may God be pleased with her.
فَإِنَّهَاIndeed, sheكَانَتْwasهِيَsheالَّتِيwhoتَسَامَىsurpassedعَائِشَةَAishaمِنْamongأَزْوَاجِthe wivesالنَّبِيِّof the Prophet(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ)(peace be upon him)
Indeed, she was the one who surpassed Aisha among the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him).
وَحَسَدَAnd envyالنِّسَاءِof womenبَعْضُهُنَّsome of themلِبَعْضٍfor othersكَثِيرٌis muchغَالِبٌdominantلَاnotسِيمَاespeciallyالْمُتَزَوِّجَاتِthe married womenبِزَوْجٍwith a husbandواحِدٍoneفَإِنَّfor indeedالْمَرْأَةَthe womanتَغَارُis jealousعَلَىoverزَوْجِهَاher husbandلِحَظٍof her shareمِنْهُfrom himفَإِنَّهُfor itبِسَبَبِdue toالْمُشَارَكَةِsharingيَفُوتُlosesبَعْضٌsomeحَظِّهَاof her share
And envy among women for some of them is much dominant, especially among married women with one husband, for indeed, a woman is jealous over her husband due to sharing, she loses some of her share from him.
وَهَكَذَاAnd likewiseالْحَسَدُenvyيَقَعُoccursكَثِيرًاoftenبَيْنَamongالْمُتَشَارِكَاتِthe participantsفِيinالرِّيَاسَةِleadershipأوْorمَالٍwealthإِذَاifأَخَذَsome takeبَعْضُهُمْsome of themقِسْطًاa shareمِنْofذَلِكَthatوَفَاتَand missesالْآخَرُthe otherوَيَكُونُand it occursبَيْنَbetweenالنَّظَرَاءِequalsلَكَرَاهَةٍdue to dislike
And likewise, envy often occurs among the participants in leadership or wealth, if some take a share of that and the other misses, and it occurs among equals due to dislike.