الْمَالِحُthe saltyهُوَisالسَّاكِنُthe resident,,فَسَمَّىso he named(۱)الْقُرَىthe villagesالَّتِيthatعَلَىonالْمِيَاهِthe watersالْجَارِيَةِflowingبِاسْمِby the name ofتِلْكَthoseالْمِيَاهِwaters..
The salty is the resident, so he named the villages that are on the flowing waters by the name of those waters.
وَقَالَAnd saidابْنُIbnزَيْدٍZayd::ظَهَرَhas appearedالْفَسَادُthe corruptionفِيinالْبَرِّthe landوandالْبَحْرِthe sea﴾([الرُّومِ/[Ar-Rum /٤١]41]قَالَhe said::الذُّنُوبُthe sins(۲)
And Ibn Zayd said: 'Corruption has appeared in the land and the sea.' (Ar-Rum 41) He said: 'The sins.'
قُلْتُI said::أَرَادَhe meantأَنْthatالذُّنُوبَthe sins(۳)سَبَبَthe causeالْفَسَادِof corruptionالَّذِيwhichظَهَرَhas appeared..
I said: he meant that the sins are the cause of the corruption that has appeared.
وَإِنAnd ifأَرَادَhe meantأَنْthatالْفَسَادَthe corruptionالَّذِيwhichظَهَرَhas appearedهُوَisالذُّنُوبُthe sinsنَفْسُهَاthemselves,,فَيَكُونُthen it would beقَوْلُهُhis saying(٤)﴿﴿لِيُذِيقَهُمto make them tasteلَامَthe lam ofالْعَاقِبَةِthe consequenceوَالتَّعْلِيلِand explanation...
And if he meant that the corruption that has appeared is the sins themselves, then his saying would be: 'To make them taste the consequence and explanation.'
وَعَلَىAnd onالأَوَّلِthe first,,فَالْمُرَادُthe intendedبِالْفَسَادِby corruptionالنَّقْصُthe decreaseوَالشَّرُّand evilوَالْآلَامُand painالَّتِيthatيُحْدِثُهَاHe causesاللَّهُAllahفِيinالْأَرْضِthe landعِنْدَuponمَعَاصِيthe disobediencesالْعِبَادِof the servants,,فَكُلَّمَاfor wheneverأَحْدَثُواthey committedذَنبًاa sin,,أَحْدَثَHe causedلَهُمْfor themعُقُوبَةًa punishment,,كَمَاasقَالَhe saidبَعْضُsomeالسَّلَفِof the predecessors::كُلَّمَاwheneverأَحْدَثْتُمْyou have committedذَنبًاa sinأَحْدَثَHe has causedاللَّهُAllahلَكُمْfor youمِنْofعُقُوبَةٍpunishment(٥)..
And on the first, the intended meaning of corruption is the decrease, evil, and pain that Allah causes in the land upon the disobediences of the servants. For whenever they commit a sin, He causes punishment for them, as some of the predecessors said: 'Whenever you commit a sin, Allah causes punishment for you.'
سُلْطَانَهُHis dominion...
His dominion.
وَ الظَّاهِرُAnd it appearsـ-وَاللَّهُand Allahأَعْلَمُknows best--أَنَّthat«الْفَسَادَ»the corruptionالْمُرَادُis intendedبِهِby itالذُّنُوبُthe sinsوَمَوْجِبَاتُهَاand their causes(٦)..
And it appears — and Allah knows best — that the corruption is intended to mean the sins and their causes.
وَيَدُلُّAnd it indicatesعَلَيْهِto itقَوْلُهُhis saying::﴿﴿لِيُذِيقَهُمto make them tasteبَعْضَsome ofالَّذِيthat whichعَمِلُواthey have done[الرُّومِ/[Ar-Rum /٤١].41].فَهَذَاThis isحَالُنَاour state,وَإِنَّمَاand onlyأَذَاقَنَاHe made us tasteالشَّيْءَa thingالْيَسِيرَthat is littleمِنْofأَعْمَالِنَاour deeds,,فَلَوْif()أَذَاقَنَاHe made us tasteكُلَّallأَعْمَالِنَاour deedsلَمَاneverفِيinفbutإِلَىtoدَائِمًاalwaysبَيْنَbe...
And it indicates his saying: 'To make them taste some of that which they have done (Ar-Rum 41).' This is our state, and He only made us taste a little of our deeds, and if He had made us taste all our deeds, we would never be able to remain.
(۱)لِForفَتُسَمَّىso it is namedز:«فِيَسْمِى»..
(1) For it is named Z: 'So it is named.'
(۲)تَفْسِيرُInterpretationالطَّبَرِيِّof Al-Tabari(٥۱۱/۱۸)ص,,وَسَنَدُهُand its chainصَحِيحٌis correct(ز)
(2) The interpretation of Al-Tabari (511/18), and its chain is correct.
(۳)س:«الذَّنْبِ» 'the sin'...
(3) S: 'the sin'.
(٤)فِيInطَTafsir
(4) In Tafsir: 'Then the lam in his statement' is a way of talking, but all manuscripts agreed on what we have confirmed.
(0)أَخْرَجَهُIt was narratedابْنُby IbnأَبِيAbiالدُّنْيَاAl-Dunyaفِيinالْعُقُوبَاتِthe punishments(٥٠)عَنْfromمَالِكِMalikبْنِbinدِينَارٍDinarعَنْfromالْحَجَّاجِ،Al-Hajjajوَفِيهِ:And in it:«مِنْ'fromسُلْطَانِكُمْ»your authority.'..
(0) It was narrated by Ibn Abi Dunia in the punishments (50) from Malik bin Dinar from Al-Hajjaj, and in it: 'from your authority.'
(٦)فَAndهُوَit isحَيَاتُهَا،its life,تَحْرِيفٌa perverse alteration.طَرِيفٌ
(6) And it is its life, a perverse alteration.
(۷)فَAnd«لَوْ»'if only'.,,(٥)
(7) And 'if only'.