١٢12-ُ-آيَةُThe verse ofالْحُكْمِrulingبَيْنَbetweenأَهْلِthe Peopleالْكِتَابِof the Bookأَوْorالْإِعْرَاضُturning awayعَنْهُمْfrom them:
12 - The verse of ruling between the People of the Book or turning away from them:
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His statement-ُ-تَعَالَىHe is Exalted-َ-
And His statement - He is Exalted -
{فَإِنْ{Ifجَاءُوكَthey come to youفَاحْكُمْthen judgeبَيْنَهُمْbetween themأَوْorأَعْرِضْturn awayعَنْهُمْ}from them}
{If they come to you, then judge between them or turn away from them}
مَنْسُوخَةٌis abrogatedبِقَوْلِهِby His statement{وَأَنِ{And thatاحْكُمْjudgeبَيْنَهُمْbetween themبِمَاby whatأَنْزَلَrevealedاللَّهُ}Allah}
is abrogated by His statement {And that judge between them by what Allah has revealed}.
قُلْتُI say:مَعْنَاهُIts meaning is:إِنِIfاخْتَرْتَyou chooseالْحُكْمَthe rulingفَاحْكُمْthen judgeبِمَاby whatأَنْزَلَrevealedاللَّهُAllahوَلاand do notتَتْبَعْfollowأَهْوَاءَهُمْtheir desires.
I say: Its meaning is: If you choose the ruling, then judge by what Allah has revealed and do not follow their desires.
فَالْحَاصِلُSo the summary isأَنَّهُthat itلَنَاis for usأَنْtoنَتْرُكَleaveأَهْلَthe peopleالذِّمَّةِof Dhimmahأَنْtoيَرْفَعُواraiseالْقَضِيَّةَthe caseإِلَىtoزُعَمَائِهِمْtheir leaders,فَيَحْكُمُواso they judgeبِمَاby whatعِنْدَهُمْthey have,وَلَنَاand it is for usأَنْtoنَحْكُمَjudgeبِمَاby whatأَنْزَلَrevealedاللَّهُAllahعَلَيْنَاupon us.
So the summary is that it is permissible for us to let the people of Dhimmah raise their case to their leaders, so they judge according to what they have, and it is permissible for us to judge according to what Allah has revealed upon us.
١٣13-ُ-آيَةُThe verse ofحَمْلِbearingالشَّهَادَةِthe testimonyعَنِforالْمَيِّتِthe deceasedفِيinالْغُرْبَةِtravel/strangeness:
13 - The verse of bearing testimony for the deceased in travel:
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His statement-ُ-تَعَالَىHe is Exalted-َ-
And His statement - He is Exalted -
{أَوْ{Orآخَرَانِtwo othersمِنْfromغَيْرِكُمْ}other than you}إِلَخْetc.مَنْسُوخٌis abrogatedبِقَوْلِهِby His statement:{وَأَشْهِدُوا{And bring to witnessذَوَىtwo ownersعَدْلٍof justiceمِنْكُمْ}from among you}
{Or two others from other than you} etc. is abrogated by His statement: {And bring to witness two men of justice from among you}.
قُلْتُI say:قَالَSaidأَحْمَدُAhmadبِظَاهِرِby the apparent meaning ofالْآيَةِthe verse,وَمَعْنَاهُand its meaningعِنْدَaccording toغَيْرِهِothers:أَوْorآخَرَانِtwo othersمِنْfromغَيْرِother thanأَقَارِبِكُمْyour relatives,فَيَكُونُونَso they areمِنْfromسَائِرِthe rest ofالْمُسْلِمِينَthe Muslims.
I say: Ahmad took the apparent meaning of the verse, and its meaning according to others is: Or two others from other than your relatives, so they are from the rest of the Muslims.
١٤14-ُ-وَمِنَAnd fromالْأَنْفَالِSurat Al-Anfal:آيَةُthe verse ofمُغَالَبَةِovercoming ofالْمُسْلِمِthe Muslimالْوَاحِدِsingleالْعَشَرَةَtenمِنَofالْكُفَّارِthe disbelievers:
14 - And from Surah Al-Anfal: The verse of the single Muslim overcoming ten of the disbelievers:
قَوْلُهُHis statement-ُ-تَعَالَىHe is Exalted-َ-
His statement - He is Exalted -
{إِنْ{Ifيَكُنْthere beمِنْكُمْfrom youعِشْرُونَtwentyصَابِرُونَ}patient ones}الْآيَةُthe verseمَنْسُوخَةٌis abrogatedبِالْآيَةِby the verseبَعْدَهَاafter it.
{If there be among you twenty steadfast} the verse is abrogated by the verse after it.