وَٱفْتَتَحْنَاAnd we beginكِتَابَنَاour bookهَٰذَاthisبِذِكْرِwith the mention ofٱلنَّبِيِّ،the Prophet,صَلَّىmay Allah send blessingsٱللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِupon himوَسَلَّمَ،and grant him peace,
And we begin this book with the mention of the Prophet, may Allah send blessings upon him and grant him peace,
وَعَلَىand uponآلِهِhis familyوَأَصْحَابِهِand his companionsٱلطَّيِّبِينَthe goodٱلطَّاهِرِينَthe pureٱلْأَبْرَارِthe righteousٱلْأَخْيَارِ،the select,
and upon his family and his companions, the good, pure, righteous, and select,
لِمَاhopingرَجَوْنَاwe hopeفِيهِin itمِنَofٱلْفَضْلِgraceوَٱلْبَرَكَةِand blessingوَٱلْيُمْنِand prosperityوَٱلتَّوْفِيقِ،and success,
hoping therein for grace, blessing, prosperity, and success.
وَٱلْحَمْدُAnd praise beلِلَّهِto AllahرَبِّLordٱلْعَالَمِينَof the worlds
And praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds,
وَصَلَّىand may Allah send blessingsٱللَّهُAllahعَلَىuponمُحَمَّدٍMuhammadوَإِخْوَتِهِand his brothersمِنَfromٱلنَّبِيِّينَthe prophetsوَآلِهِand his familyٱلطَّيِّبِينَthe goodأَجْمَعِينَ،all of them,
and may Allah send blessings upon Muhammad and his brothers among the prophets and all his good family,
ٱخْتَارَhaving chosenٱللَّهُAllahمِنْfromخَيْرِthe bestأُرُومَاتِrootsٱلْعَرَبِof the Arabsعُنْصُراًan element
Allah having chosen from the best roots of the Arabs an element,
وَمِنْand fromأَعْلَىthe highestذَوَائِبِpeaksقُرَيْشٍof Qurayshفَرْعاًa branchمِنْfromأَكْرَمِthe noblestعِيدَانِtrunksقُصَيٍّof Qusayyمَجْداًin glory,
and from the highest peaks of Quraysh a branch from the noblest trunks of Qusayy in glory,
ثُمَّthenلَمْdid notيَزَلْceaseبِلُطْفِهِby His gentlenessلِنَبِيِّهِ،towards His Prophet,صَلَّىmay Allah send blessingsٱللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِupon himوَآلِهِ،and his family,
then He continually, by His gentleness towards His Prophet, may Allah send blessings upon him and his family,
وَٱخْتِيَارِهِand His selectionإِيَّاهُof himبِٱلْآبَاءِthrough fathersٱلْأَخَائِرِthe chosenوَٱلْأُمَّهَاتِand mothersٱلطَّوَاهِرِthe pure
and His selection of him through chosen fathers and pure mothers,
حَتَّىuntilأَخْرَجَهُHe brought him forthفِيinخَيْرِthe bestزَمَانٍtimeوَأَفْضَلِand the most excellentأَوَانٍ،epoch,
until He brought him forth in the best of times and the most excellent of epochs,
تَفَرَّعَbranching outمِنْfromشَجَرَةٍa treeبَاسِقَةِloftyٱلنَّدَى،in generosity,
branching out from a tree of lofty generosity,
شَامِخَةِtoweringٱلْعُلَى،in highness,
towering in highness,
عَرَبِيَّةِArabianٱلْأَصْلِ،in origin,
Arabian in origin,
قُرَشِيَّةِQurashiteٱلْأَهْلِ،in family,
Qurashite in family,
مَنَافِيَّةِManafiteٱلْأَعْطَانِ،in dwellings,
Manafite in dwellings,
هَاشِمِيَّةِHashimiteٱلْأَغْصَانِ،in branches,
Hashimite in branches,
ثَمَرَتُهَاits fruitٱلْقُرْآنُ،is the Quran,
its fruit is the Quran,
تَنْدَىmoistenedبِمَاءِwith the waterيَنَابِيعِof the springsٱلْعِلْمِof knowledgeفِيinرِيَاضِthe gardensٱلْحِلْمِ،of forbearance,
moistened with the water of the springs of knowledge in the gardens of forbearance,
لَاneitherيَذْوِيwithersعُودُهَاits trunk
neither does its trunk wither,
وَلَاnorتَجِفُّdries upثَمَرَتُهَاits fruit
nor does its fruit dry up,
وَلَاnorيَضِلُّdoes go astrayأَهْلُهَا،its people,
nor do its people go astray,
أَصْلُهَاits rootثَابِتٌis firmly fixedوَفَرْعُهَاand its branchنَابِتٌ،is growing,
its root is firmly fixed and its branch is growing,
فَيَاso ohلَهَاwhatمِنْofشَجَرَةٍa treeنَاضِرَةٍflourishingخَضْرَاءَgreenنَاعِمَةٍtender
so oh what a flourishing, green, and tender tree
غُرِسَتْthat was plantedفِيinجَبَلٍa mountainقَفْرٍbarrenوَبَلَدٍand a landوَعْرٍrugged
that was planted in a barren mountain and a rugged land,
مَحِلِّa placeضَرْعٍof barrennessغَيْرِotherذِيthan possessingزَرْعٍcultivation
a place of barrenness devoid of cultivation,
عِنْدَnearبَيْتِكَYour Houseٱلْمُحَرَّمِthe Sacredوَبَلَدِكَand Your landٱلْمُكَرَّمِthe Honored
near Your Sacred House and Your Honored land,
فَهُوَ،so he is,صَلَّىmay Allah send blessingsٱللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِupon himوَعَلَىand uponآلِهِhis familyٱلطَّيِّبِينَthe goodٱلْأَخْيَارِ،the select,
so he, may Allah send blessings upon him and upon his good and select family, is
كَمَاasقَالَsaidبَعْضُsomeٱلْحُكَمَاءِ:of the wise men:
as some of the wise men said:
لَئِنْIfكَانَwasسُلَيْمَانُ،Solomon,عَلَيْهِupon himٱلسَّلَامُ،be peace,أُعْطِيَgivenٱلرِّيحَthe windغُدُوُّهَاits morning journeyشَهْرٌa monthوَرَوَاحُهَاand its evening journeyشَهْرٌa month,
If Solomon, upon him be peace, was given the wind—its morning journey being a month and its evening journey a month—
لَقَدْverilyأُعْطِيَwas givenنَبِيُنَا،our Prophet,صَلَّىmay Allah send blessingsٱللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِupon himوَسَلَّمَ،and grant him peace,ٱلْبُرَاقَAl-Buraqٱلَّذِيwhichهُوَitأَسْرَعُis fasterمِنَthanٱلرِّيحِ،the wind,
verily our Prophet, may Allah send blessings upon him and grant him peace, was given Al-Buraq, which is faster than the wind;
وَلَئِنْand ifكَانَwasمُوسَى،Moses,عَلَيْهِupon himٱلسَّلَامُ،be peace,أُعْطِيَgivenحَجَراًa stoneتَتَفَجَّرُgushes forthمِنْهُfrom itاثْنَتَاtwelveعَشْرَةَtenعَيْناًsprings,
and if Moses, upon him be peace, was given a stone from which twelve springs gushed forth,
لَقَدْverilyوَضَعَhe placedأَصَابِعَهُ،his fingers,عَلَيْهِupon himوَعَلَىand uponآلِهِhis familyٱلسَّلَامُ،be peace,فِيinٱلْإِنَاءِthe vesselوَٱلْمَاءُwhile the waterيَنْبُعُgushed forthمِنْfromبَيْنِbetweenأَصَابِعِهِhis fingersحَتَّىuntilٱرْتَوَىdrank their fillأَصْحَابُهُ،his companions,رَضِيَmay Allah be pleasedٱللَّهُAllahعَنْهُمْ،with them,
verily he, upon him and his family be peace, placed his fingers in the vessel while water gushed forth from between his fingers until his companions, may Allah be pleased with them, drank their fill,
وَمَاand whateverلَهُمْfor themمِنَofٱلْخَيْلِ،the horses,
along with whatever horses they had.
وَلَقَدْAnd verilyكَانَhe wasرَدِيفَriding behindعَمِّهِhis uncleأَبِيAbuطَالِبٍTalibبِذِيat DhuٱلْمَجَازِAl-Majazفَقَالَ:so he said:
And verily he was riding behind his uncle Abu Talib at Dhu Al-Majaz, and he said:
يَاOٱبْنَsonأَخِيof my brotherقَدْverilyعَطِشْتُ،I have grown thirsty,فَقَالَ:so he said:
"O son of my brother, I have grown thirsty." So he said:
عَطِشْتَHave you grown thirstyيَاOعَمِّ؟uncle?قَالَ:He said:نَعَمْ،Yes.
"Have you grown thirsty, O uncle?" He said, "Yes."
فَثَنَىSo he foldedوَرْكَهُhis kneeفَنَزَلَand dismountedوَضَرَبَand struckبِقَدَمِهِwith his footٱلْأَرْضَthe groundفَخَرَجَand out cameٱلْمَاءُthe waterفَقَالَ:so he said:ٱشْرَبْ،"Drink,"فَشَرِبَand he drankحَتَّىuntilرَوِيَ،he was quenched,
So he turned his mount's knee and dismounted, and struck the ground with his foot, and water came out. He said, "Drink," and he drank until he was quenched.
وَلَئِنْand ifكَانَwasعِيسَى،Jesus,عَلَيْهِupon himٱلسَّلَامُ،be peace,أَحْيَاhe brought to lifeٱلنَّفْسَthe soulبِإِذْنِby the permission ofٱللَّهِAllahلَقَدْverilyرَفَعَ،he raised,صَلَّىmay Allah send blessingsٱللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِupon himوَسَلَّمَ،and grant him peace,ذِرَاعاًa forelegإِلَىtoفِيهِhis mouthفَأَخْبَرَتْهُand it informed himأَنَّهَاthat itمَسْمُومَةٌ،was poisoned,
And if Jesus, upon him be peace, brought the dead to life by Allah's permission, verily he, may Allah send blessings upon him and grant him peace, raised a sheep's foreleg to his mouth and it informed him that it was poisoned.
وَكَانَ،and he was,صَلَّىmay Allah send blessingsٱللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِupon himوَسَلَّمَ،and grant him peace,يُخْبِرُinformingبِمَاof whatفِيis inٱلضَّمَائِرِthe thoughtsوَمَاand whatيَأْكُلُونَthey eatوَمَاand whatيَدَّخِرُونَ،they store up,
And he, may Allah send blessings upon him and grant him peace, used to inform of what was in thoughts, and what they ate, and what they stored up.
ثُمَّThenدُعَاؤُهُhis supplicationٱلْمُسْتَجَابُthe answeredٱلَّذِيwhichلَاnoتَأْخِيرَdelayفِيهِ،in it,
Then there is his answered supplication which suffered no delay,
وَذَلِكَand that isأَنَّthatٱلنَّبِيَّ،the Prophet,صَلَّىmay Allah send blessingsٱللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِupon himوَسَلَّمَ،and grant him peace,لَمَّاwhenلَقِيَhe metمِنْfromقُرَيْشٍQurayshوَٱلْعَرَبِand the Arabsمِنْofشِدَّةِseverityأَذَاهُمْof their harmingلَهُhimوَتَكْذِيبِهِمْand their denyingإِيَّاهُhimوَٱسْتِعَانَتِهِمْand their seeking helpعَلَيْهِagainst himبِٱلْأَمْوَالِwith wealth
and that is when the Prophet, may Allah send blessings upon him and grant him peace, encountered from Quraysh and the Arabs severe harm towards him, their denial of him, and their seeking help against him with wealth,
دَعَاhe prayedأَنْthatتَجْدُبَbecome barrenبِلَادُهُمْtheir landsوَأَنْand thatيَدْخُلَenterٱلْفَقْرُpovertyبُيُوتَهُمْ،their homes,
he prayed that their lands become barren and that poverty enter their homes,
فَقَالَ:so he said:ٱللَّهُمَّO Allahٱجْعَلْهَاmake itعَلَيْهِمْupon themسِنِينَyearsكَسِنِيlike the years ofيُوسُفَ!Joseph!
so he said, "O Allah, make it upon them years like the years of Joseph!
ٱللَّهُمَّO Allahٱشْدُدْmake severeوَطْأَتَكَYour gripعَلَىuponمُضَرَ!Mudar!
O Allah, make Your grip severe upon Mudar!"
فَأَمْسَكَSo withheldٱللَّهُAllahعَزَّMightyوَجَلَّand Majestic is Heعَنْهُمْfrom themٱلْقَطْرَthe rainحَتَّىuntilمَاتَdiedٱلشَّجَرُthe treesوَذَهَبَand vanishedٱلثَّمَرُthe fruitوَقَلَّتِand dwindledٱلْمَرَاعِيthe pasturesفَمَاتَتِso diedٱلْمَوَاشِيthe livestockحَتَّىuntilٱشْتَوَوٱُthey roastedٱلْقِدَleather hidesوَأَكَلُواand they ateٱلْعِلهْزَ،Al-Ilhiz,
So Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, withheld the rain from them until the trees died, the fruit vanished, the pastures dwindled, and the livestock died, until they roasted leather hides and ate Al-Ilhiz.
فَعِنْدَSo at thatذَلِكَtimeوَفَدَjourneyed as a delegateحَاجِبُHajibبْنُson ofزُرَارَةَZurarahإِلَىtoكِسْرَىChosroesيَشْكُوcomplainingإِلَيْهِto himٱلْجَهْدَof the hardshipوَٱلْأَزْلَand the destitutionوَيَسْتَأْذِنُهُand asking his permissionفِيregardingرَعْيِgrazing inٱلسَّوَادِAl-Sawadوَهُوَwhile heحِينَat that timeضَمِنَguaranteedعَنْforقَوْمِهِhis peopleوَأَرْهَنَهُand pledged to himقَوْسَهُ،his bow,
So at that time, Hajib ibn Zurarah journeyed as a delegate to Chosroes, complaining to him of the hardship and destitution, and asking his permission to graze in Al-Sawad, while he had at that time guaranteed for his people and pledged his bow to him.
فَلَمَّاThen whenأَصَابَafflictedمُضَرَMudarخَاصَّةًspecificallyٱلْجَهْدُhardshipوَنَهَكَهُمُand exhausted themٱلْأَزْلُdestitutionوَبَلَغَتِand reachedٱلْحُجَّةُthe proofمَبْلَغَهَاits utmostوَٱنْتَهَتِand reachedٱلْمَوْعِظَةُthe admonitionمُنْتَهَاهَاits limit,
Then when hardship specifically afflicted Mudar, destitution exhausted them, the proof reached its utmost, and the admonition reached its limit,
دَعَاhe prayedبِفَضْلِهِ،by his virtue,صَلَّىmay Allah send blessingsٱللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِ،upon him,ٱلَّذِيwhichكَانَwasنِدَاهُمْtheir callerبِهِthrough himفَسَأَلَso he askedرَبَّهُhis LordعَزَّMightyوَجَلَّand Majestic is Heٱلْخَصْبَfertilityوَإِدْرَارَand the continuous flow ofٱلْغَيْثِrain
he prayed through his virtue, may Allah send blessings upon him—through whom they sought help—asking his Lord, Mighty and Majestic is He, for fertility and the continuous flow of rain.
فَأَتَاهُمْSo there came to themمِنْهُfrom Himمَاwhatهَدَمَdestroyedبُيُوتَهُمْtheir housesوَمَنَعَهُمْand prevented themحَوَائِجَهُمْ،from their needs,
So there came to them from Him that which destroyed their houses and prevented them from attending to their needs.
فَكَلَّمُوهُSo they spokeفِيto him regardingذَلِكَthatفَقَالَ:so he said:ٱللَّهُمَّO Allahحَوَالَيْنَاaround usوَلَاand notعَلَيْنَا،upon us,
So they spoke to him regarding that, and he said, "O Allah, around us and not upon us!"
فَأَمْطَرَSo it rainedٱللَّهُAllahمَاwhat wasحَوْلَهُمْaround themوَدَعَا،and he prayed,صَلَّىmay Allah send blessingsٱللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِupon himوَعَلَىand uponآلِهِhis familyوَصَحْبِهِand his companionsوَسَلَّمَ،and grant them peace,عَلَىagainstٱلْمُسْتَهْزِئِينَthose who mockedبِكِتَابِthe Bookٱللَّهِof AllahعَزَّMightyوَجَلَّ،and Majestic is He,
So Allah caused rain to fall around them, and he, may Allah send blessings upon him and upon his family and companions and grant them peace, prayed against those who mocked the Book of Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He,
وَكَانُواand they wereاثْنَيْtwelveعَشَرَtenرَجُلاً،men,
and they were twelve men.
فَكَفَاهُSo sufficed himٱللَّهُAllahجَلَّMajesticٱسْمُهُis His nameأَمْرَهُمْ،regarding their matter,فَقَالَ:so He said:"إِنَّا"Indeed, Weكَفَيْنَاكَhave sufficed you againstٱلْمُسْتَهْزِئِينَ"the mockers"
So Allah, Majestic is His name, sufficed him against their matter, and He said: "Indeed, We have sufficed you against the mockers"
وَقِصَّةُand the story ofعَامِرِAmirبْنِson ofٱلطُّفَيْلِAl-Tufaylوَدُعَائِهِand his prayerعَلَيْهِ،against him,
and the story of Amir ibn Al-Tufayl and his prayer against him,
وَنَاطَقَهُ،and his speaking withصَلَّىmay Allah send blessingsٱللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِ،upon him,ذِئْبٌ،a wolf,
and a wolf speaking to him, may Allah send blessings upon him,
وَأَظَلَّتْهُand casting shade upon himغَمَامَةٌ،a cloud,
and a cloud casting shade upon him,
وَحَنَّand yearningإِلَيْهِfor himعُودُthe trunkٱلْمِنْبَرِ،of the pulpit,
and the pulpit trunk yearning for him,
وَأَطْعَمَand he fedعَسْكَراًan armyمِنْfromثَرِيدَةٍa portion of tharidفِيinجِسْمِthe size ofقَطَاةٍ،a sandgrouse,
and he fed an army from a portion of tharid the size of a sandgrouse,
وَسَقَىand he gave drinkعَامّاًto the general publicوَوَضَّأَهُمْand performed ablution for themمِنْfromمِيضَأَةٍa washing vesselجِسْمِthe size ofصَاعٍ،a sa',
and he provided drink to the public and performed ablution for them from a washing vessel the size of a sa',
وَرُسُوخُand the sinking ofقَوَائِمِthe hooves ofفَرَسِthe horse ofسُرَاقَةَSuraqahبْنِson ofجُشْعُمٍJushumفِيinٱلْأَرْضِthe earthوَإِطْلَاقُهُand his releasingلَهُof himبَعْدَafterإِذْwhenأَخَذَhe tookمَوْثِقَهُ،his pledge,
and the sinking of the hooves of Suraqah ibn Jushum's horse into the earth and his releasing him after taking his pledge,
وَمَرْيُهُand his milkingضَرْعَthe udder ofشَاةٍa eweحَائِلٍthat was barrenفَعَادَتْso it returnedكَٱلْحَامِلِ،like a pregnant one,
and his massaging the udder of a barren ewe so it turned out like a pregnant one,
وَٱلْتِصَاقُand the sticking ofٱلصَّخْرَةِthe rockبِيَدِto the hand ofأَرْبَدَ،Arbad,
and the sticking of the rock to Arbad's hand,
وَمَاand whatأَرَاهُhe showed himٱللَّهُAllahعَزَّMightyوَجَلَّand Majestic is HeأَبَاAbuجَهْلٍJahlحِينَwhenأَهْوَىhe raisedبِٱلصَّخْرَةِwith the rockنَحْوَtowardsرَأْسِthe head ofرَسُولِthe Messenger ofٱللَّهِ،Allah,صَلَّىmay Allah send blessingsٱللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِ،upon him,وَهُوَwhile heسَاجِدٌwas prostrating
and what Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, showed him of Abu Jahl when he raised the rock towards the head of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah send blessings upon him, while he was prostrating,
فَظَهَرَso there appearedلَهُto himفَحْلٌa stallionلِيَلْقَمَto swallowرَأْسَهُhis headفَرَمَىso he threw awayبِٱلصَّخْرَةِthe rockوَرَجَعَand returnedيَشُدُّhurryingإِلَىtoأَصْحَابِهِhis companionsقَدِhavingٱنْتَقَعَturned paleلَوْنُهُ،his color,
so a stallion appeared to him to swallow his head, whereupon he threw away the rock and hurried back to his companions with his color having turned pale.
فَقَالُواSo they saidلَهُ:to him:مَاWhatبَالَكَ؟is the matter with you?فَقَالَ:He said:رَأَيْتُ"I sawفَحْلاًa stallionلَمْthe like of whichأَرَ فِيهِI have not seenمِثْلَهُits likeيُرِيدُwantingهَامَتِي.my head."
They said to him, "What is the matter with you?" He said, "I saw a stallion the like of which I have never seen, wanting my head."