وَبَلَغَنَاAnd it reached usعَنِfromالْمَدَائِنِيِّAl-Mada'iniأَنَّهُthat heقَالَ:said:
And it reached us from Al-Mada'ini that he said:
لَيْسَNobility is notالسُّؤْدُدُby nobilityبِالشَّرَفِof lineage,
Nobility is not attained through mere honor of lineage,
وَإِنَّمَاbut ratherسَادَbecame nobleالْأَحْنَفُAl-Ahnafبْنُson ofقَيْسٍQaisبِحِلْمِهِ،through his forbearance,
rather, Al-Ahnaf ibn Qais attained nobility through his forbearance,
وَحُضَيْنُand Hudhaynبْنُson ofالْمُنْذِرِAl-Mundhirبِرَأْيِهِ،through his sound judgment,
Hudhayn ibn Al-Mundhir through his sound judgment,
وَمَالِكُand Malikبْنُson ofمِسْمَعٍMisma'بِمَحَبَّتِهِthrough his loveفِيamongالْعَامَّةِ،the general public,
Malik ibn Misma' through his affection among the general public,
وَسُوَيْدُand Suwaidبْنُson ofمَنْجُوفٍManjufبِعَطْفِهِthrough his kindnessعَلَىtoأَرَامِلِthe widows ofقَوْمِهِ،his people,
and Suwaid ibn Manjuf through his kindness to the widows of his people,
وَسَادَand attained nobilityالْمُهَلَّبُAl-Muhallabبْنُson ofأَبِيAbiصُفْرَةَSufrahبِجَمِيعِwith allهَذِهِtheseالْخِصَالِ.traits.
and Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufrah attained nobility through all of these traits.
قِيلَ:It was said:وَسَمِعَAnd heardعُمَرُUmarبْنُson ofالْخَطَّابِ،Al-Khattab,رَضِيَmay Allah be pleasedاللَّهُwith him,عَنْهُ،whileوَهُوَhe wasخَلِيفَةٌcaliph,
It was said: Umar ibn Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, while he was caliph, heard
صَوْتاًa voiceوَلَفْظاًand speechبِالْبَابِat the door,
a voice and talking at the door,
فَقَالَso he saidلِبَعْضِto someمَنْof thoseعِنْدَهُ:with him:
so he said to some of those with him:
اخْرُجْ"Go outفَانْظُرْand seeمَنْwhoكَانَisمِنَfromالْمُهَاجِرِينَthe Muhajirunالْأَوَّلِينَof the first generation,فَأَدْخِلْهُ.and let him in."
"Go out and see who is from the early Muhajirun, and let him in."
فَخَرَجَSo went outالرَّسُولُthe messengerفَأَدْخَلَand brought inبِلَالاًBilal,وَصُهَيْباًSuhaib,وَسَلْمَانَ،and Salman.
So the messenger went out and brought in Bilal, Suhaib, and Salman.
وَكَانَAnd wereأَبُوAbuسُفْيَانَSufyanبْنُson ofحَرْبٍHarbوَسُهَيْلُand Suhaylبْنُson ofعَمْرٍوAmrفِيinعِصَابَةٍa groupمِنْofقُرَيْشٍQurayshجُلُوساًsittingبِالْبَابِat the door.
And Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and Suhayl ibn Amr were sitting in a group of Quraysh at the door.
فَقَالَSo saidأَبُوAbuسُفْيَانَ:Sufyan:يَا"Oمَعْشَرَpeople ofقُرَيْشٍQuraysh,أَنْتُمْyou areصَنَادِيدُthe leaders ofالْعَرَبِthe Arabsوَأَشْرَافُهَاand their nobles,
Abu Sufyan said: "O people of Quraysh, you are the leaders and nobles of the Arabs,
وَفُرْسَانُهَاand their knights,بِالْبَابِat the door,وَيَدْخُلُwhile there entersحَبَشِيٌّan Abyssinian,وَفَارِسِيٌّa Persian,وَرُومِيٌّ؟and a Byzantine?"
while an Abyssinian, a Persian, and a Byzantine enter?"
فَقَالَSo saidسُهَيْلٌ:Suhayl:يَا"OأَبَاAbuسُفْيَانَSufyan,أَنْفُسَكُمْyourselvesفَلُومُواblameوَلَاand do notتَلُومُواblameأَمِيرَthe Commander ofالْمُؤْمِنِينَ،the Faithful.
Suhayl said: "O Abu Sufyan, blame yourselves and do not blame the Commander of the Faithful.
دَعَاHe calledالْقَوْمَthe peopleفَأَجَابُواand they answered,وُدُعِيتُمْand you were calledفَأَبَيْتُمْand you refused.
He called the people and they answered, while you were called and you refused.
وَهُمْAnd theyيَوْمَon the Day ofالْقِيَامَةِResurrectionأَعْظَمُwill be greater inدَرَجَاتٍranksوَأَكْثَرُand moreتَفْضِيلاً.favored."
And on the Day of Resurrection, they will have greater ranks and more favor."
فَقَالَSo saidأَبُوAbuسُفْيَانَ:Sufyan:لَا"There is noخَيْرَgoodفِيinمَكَانٍa placeيَكُونُwhereفِيهِthere isبِلَالٌBilalشَرِيفاً.honored."
Abu Sufyan said: "There is no good in a place where Bilal is considered honorable."
[مَسَاوِئِThe vices ofأَصْحَابِthe people ofالصَّنَاعَاتِ]trades
[The Vices of People of Trades]
قَالَSaidالْمَأْمُونُAl-Ma'munوَذَكَرَwhile mentioningأَصْحَابَthe people ofالصَّنَاعَاتِ:trades:
Al-Ma'mun said, mentioning the people of trades:
السُّوقَةُThe common folkسَفَلٌare base,وَالصُّرَّاعُand artisansأَنْذَالٌare ignoble,وَالتَُّجَارُand merchantsبُخَلَاءُare misers,وَالْكُتَّابُand scribesمُلُوكٌare kingsعَلَىoverالنَّاسِ.the people.
The common folk are base, the artisans are ignoble, the merchants are misers, and the scribes are kings over the people.
وَقَالَAnd saidالْمَأْمُونُ:Al-Ma'mun:النَّاسُ"Peopleأَرْبَعَةٌ:are four:ذُوone of statusسِيَادَةٍorأَوْtrade,صِنَاعَةٍ،orأَوْcommerce,تِجَارَةٍorأَوْagriculture;زِرَاعَةٍ،whoever isفَمَنْnot among themلَمْisيَكُنْa dependentمِنْهُمْuponكَانَthem."عِيَالاًdependentعَلَيْهِمْ،upon them,
And Al-Ma'mun said: "People are four: those of nobility, trade, commerce, or agriculture. Whoever is not among them is a dependent upon them."
وَذَكَرُواAnd they mentionedأَنَّthatأَبَاAbuطَالِبٍTalibكَانَused toيُعَالِجُdeal inالْعِطْرَperfumeوَالْبَزَّ،and fabrics,
And they mentioned that Abu Talib used to deal in perfume and fabrics,
وَكَانَand wasأَبُوAbuبَكْرٍBakrالصِّدِّيقُ،the Truthful,رَضِيَmay Allah be pleasedاللَّهُwith him,عَنْهُ،a fabricبَزَّازاً،merchant,
and Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, was a fabric merchant,
وَكَانَand wasعُمَرُUmarبْنُson ofالْخَطَّابِAl-Khattabبَزَّازاً،a fabric merchant,
and Umar ibn Al-Khattab was a fabric merchant,
وَكَانَand wasعَبْدُAbdullahالرَّحْمَنِibnبْنُAwfعَوْفٍa fabricبَزَّازاً،merchant,
and Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf was a fabric merchant,
وَكَانَand wasسَعْدُSa'dبْنُson ofأَبِيAbiوَقَّاصٍ،Waqqas,رَحِمَهُmay Allah have mercyاللَّهُ،on him,يَأْبِرُpollinatingالنَّخْلَ،date palms,
and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, may Allah have mercy on him, would pollinate date palms,
وَكَانَand wasأَخُوهُhis brotherعُتْبَةُ،Utbah,رَحِمَهُmay Allah have mercyاللَّهُ،on him,نَجَّاراً،a carpenter,
and his brother Utbah, may Allah have mercy on him, was a carpenter,
وَكَانَand wasالْعَاصِAl-Asبْنُson ofهِشَامٍHisham,أَخُوthe brother ofأَبِيAbuجَهْلِJahlبْنِson ofهِشَامٍHisham,جَزَّاراً،a butcher,
and Al-As ibn Hisham, the brother of Abu Jahl ibn Hisham, was a butcher,
وَكَانَand wasالْوَلِيدُAl-Walidبْنُson ofالْمُغِيرَةِAl-Mughirahحَدَّاداً،a blacksmith,
and Al-Walid ibn Al-Mughirah was a blacksmith,
وَكَانَand wasعُقْبَةُUqbahبْنُson ofأَبِيAbiمُعَيْطٍMu'aytخَمَّاراً،a wine merchant/maker,
and Uqbah ibn Abi Mu'ayt was a wine merchant,
وَكَانَand wasعُثْمَانُUthmanبْنُson ofطَلْحَةَTalhah,صَاحِبُkeeper ofمِفْتَاحِthe key ofالْبَيْتِthe House,خَيَّاطاً،a tailor,
and Uthman ibn Talhah, the keeper of the key of the House, was a tailor,
وَكَانَand wasأَبُوAbuسُفْيَانَSufyanبْنُson ofحَرْبٍHarbيَبِيعُsellingالزَّيْتَoilوَالْأَدَمَ،and leather,
and Abu Sufyan ibn Harb used to sell oil and leather,
وَكَانَand wasأُمَيَّةُUmayyahبْنُson ofخَلَفٍKhalafيَبِيعُsellingالْبُرُمَ،cooking pots,
and Umayyah ibn Khalaf used to sell cooking pots,
وَكَانَand wasعَبْدُAbdullahاللَّهِibnبْنُJud'anجُدْعَانَa slave dealer,نَخَّاساً،a dealer in slaves,
and Abdullah ibn Jud'an was a slave dealer,
وَكَانَand wasالْعَاصِAl-Asبْنُson ofوَائِلٍWail,أَبُوthe father ofعَمْرِوAmrبْنِson ofالْعَاصِ،Al-As,يُعَالِجُdealing inالْخَيْلَhorsesوَالْإِبِلَ،and camels,
and Al-As ibn Wail, the father of Amr ibn al-As, used to deal in horses and camels,
وَكَانَand wereجَرِيرُJarirبْنُson ofعَمْرٍوAmr,وَقَيْسٌQaysأَبُوthe father ofالضَّحَّاكِAl-Dahhakبْنِson ofقَيْسٍQays,وَمَعْمَرُMa'marبْنُson ofعُثْمَانَUthman,وَسِيرِينُand Sirinأَبُوthe father ofمُحَمَّدِMuhammadبْنِson ofسِيرِينَSirin,كُلُّهُمْall of themحَدَّادِينَ،blacksmiths,
and Jarir ibn Amr, Qays the father of Al-Dahhak ibn Qays, Ma'mar ibn Uthman, and Sirin the father of Muhammad ibn Sirin, were all blacksmiths,
وَكَانَand wasالْمُسَيَّبُAl-Musayyabأَبُوthe father ofسَعِيدٍSaid,زَيَّاتاً،an oil merchant,
and Al-Musayyab the father of Said was an oil merchant,
وَكَانَand wasمَيْمُونُMaymunبْنُson ofمِهْرَانَMehranبَزَّازاً،a fabric merchant,
and Maymun ibn Mehran was a fabric merchant,
وَكَانَand wasمَالِكُMalikبْنُson ofدِينَارٍDinarوَرَّاقاً،a copyist/stationer,
and Malik ibn Dinar was a copyist,
وَكَانَand wasأَبُوAbuحَنِيفَةَHanifa,صَاحِبُthe master ofالرَّأْيِ،opinion jurisprudence,خَزَّازاً،a silk merchant,
and Abu Hanifa, the master of independent reasoning, was a silk merchant,
وَكَانَand wasمُجَمَّعٌMujamma'الزَّاهِدُthe asceticحَائِكاً.a weaver.
and Mujamma' the ascetic was a weaver.
قِيلَ:It was said:وَاتَّخَذَAnd tookيَزِيدُYazidبْنُson ofالْمُهَلَّبِAl-Muhallabبُسْتَاناًan orchardفِيinدَارِهِhis houseبِخُرَاسَانَ،in Khurasan.
It was said: Yazid ibn Al-Muhallab took an orchard in his house in Khurasan.
فَلَمَّاSo whenوَلِيَbecame governorالْأَمْرَof the affairقُتَيْبَةُQutaybahبْنُson ofمُسْلِمٍMuslim,جَعَلَهُhe made itلِإِبِلِهِ،for his camels.
When Qutaybah ibn Muslim assumed governance, he made it [the orchard] a place for his camels.
فَقَالَSo saidلَهُto himمَرْزَبَانُthe Marzban ofمَرْوَ:Marw:هَذَا"Thisكَانَwasبُسْتَاناًan orchardوَقَدِand you haveاتَّخَذْتَهُmade itلِإِبِلِكَ!for your camels!"
So the Marzban of Marw said to him: "This was an orchard, and you have made it for your camels!"
فَقَالَSo saidقُتَيْبَةُ:Qutaybah:كَانَ"My fatherأَبِيwasأَشْتَرْبَانَa camel keeperوَكَانَand the father ofأَبُوYazidيَزِيدَwasبُسْتَانْبَانَan orchard keeper,فَمِنْهُمَاso from themصَارَbecameذَلِكَthatكَذَلِكَ.thus."
Qutaybah said: "My father was a camel keeper and the father of Yazid was an orchard keeper, so from them both, this became as it is."
[مَحَاسِنِThe virtues ofالنِّتَاجِ]procreation/offspring
[The Virtues of Hybridization and Offspring]
ذَكَرُواThey mentionedأَنَّthatجُرْهُمَJurhumمِنْis fromنِتَاجِthe offspring ofمَاwhat wasبَيْنَbetweenالْمَلَائِكَةِthe angelsوَبَنَاتِand the daughters ofآدَمَ،Adam,
They mentioned that Jurhum is from the offspring of what was between the angels and the daughters of Adam,
وَأَنَّand thatالْمَلَأَكَthe angelمِنَamongالْمَلَائِكَةِthe angelsكَانَused toإِذَاwhenعَصَىhe disobeyedرَبَّهُhis Lordفِيinالسَّمَاءِthe heaven,
and that an angel among the angels, when he disobeyed his Lord in heaven,
أَهْبَطَهُHe would cause him to descendإِلَىtoالْأَرْضِthe earthفِيinصُورَةِthe form ofرَجُلٍa manفِيinطَبِيعَتِهِhis natureمَاwhat isفِيinطَبِيعَةِthe nature ofبَنِيthe sons ofآدَمَAdam,
He would cause him to descend to the earth in the form of a man possessing in his nature what is in the nature of the sons of Adam,
كَمَاjust asصُنِعَwas done withبَهَارُوتَHarutوَمَارُوتَand Marutفِيinخَبَرِهِمَاtheir storyمَعَwithالزَّهْرَةِVenus,
just as was done with Harut and Marut in their story with Venus,
حَتَّىuntilكَانَwasمِنْofشَأْنِهِمَاtheir affairمَاwhatكَانَ،was,
until there happened what happened of their affair.
فَعَصَىSo disobeyedبَعْضُsomeالْمَلَائِكَةِof the angelsرَبَّنَاour LordجَلَّMajestic isذِكْرُهُHis remembrance,فَأَهْبَطَهُso He caused him to descendإِلَىtoالْأَرْضِthe earthفِيinصُورَةِthe form ofرَجُلٍa man,
So some of the angels disobeyed our Lord, majestic is His remembrance, and He made him descend to the earth in the form of a man.
فَتَزَوَّجَHe marriedأُمَّthe mother ofجُرْهُمٍJurhum,فَوَلَدَتْand she gave birthمِنْهُfrom himجُرْهُمَ،to Jurhum.
He married the mother of Jurhum, and she bore Jurhum from him.
فَقَالَSo saidشَاعِرُهُمْ:their poet:
Their poet said:
لَاهَمَّO Allah,إِنَّverilyجُرْهُماًJurhumعِبَادُكَاare Your servants,......النَّاسُpeopleطَرَفٌare recentوَهُمْand theyتِلَادُكَاare Your ancient ones.
O Allah, verily Jurhum are Your servants ... People are recent, while they are Your ancient ones.
وَكَانَAnd wasذُوDhuالْقَرْنَيْنِAl-Qarnayn,أُمُّهُhis motherقِيرَىQiraآدَمِيَّةًa human,وَكَانَand wasأَبُوهُhis fatherعَيْرَىAyraمِنَfromالْمَلَائِكَةِ.the angels.
And Dhu Al-Qarnayn, his mother Qira was a human, and his father Ayra was from the angels.
وَسَمِعَAnd heardعُمَرُUmarبْنُson ofالْخَطَّابِ،Al-Khattab,رَضِيَmay Allah be pleasedاللَّهُwith him,عَنْهُ،a manرَجُلاًcalling out:يُنَادِي:"O DhuيَاAl-Qarnayn!"ذَاSo heالْقَرْنَيْنِ!said:فَقَالَ:"You have finishedفَرَغْتُمْwith the namesمِنْof the prophetsأَسْمَاءِso you have ascendedالْأَنْبِيَاءِto the namesفَارْتَقَيْتُمْof the angels!"إِلَىtoأَسْمَاءِnames ofالْمَلَائِكَةِ!angels!
And Umar ibn Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, heard a man calling: "O Dhu Al-Qarnayn!" He said: "You have finished with the names of the prophets, so you have ascended to the names of the angels!"
وَزَعَمُواAnd they claimedأَنَّthatالتَّنَاكُحَintermarriageوَالتَّلَاقُحَand interbreedingقَدْmayيَقَعُoccurبَيْنَbetweenالْجِنِّjinnوَالْإِنْسِand humansلِقَوْلِهِdue to His sayingجَلَّMajesticوَعَزَّ:and Mighty is He:""وَشَارِكْهُمْAnd share with themفِيinالْأَمْوَالِwealthوَالْأَوْلَادِand children""
And they claimed that intermarriage and interbreeding may occur between jinn and humans due to the saying of the Majestic and Mighty: "And share with them in wealth and children."
وَلِأَنَّAnd becauseالْجِنِّيَّاتِfemale jinnإِنَّمَاonlyيَعْرِضْنَapproachلِصَرْعَىthe strickenرِجَالِmen ofالْإِنْسِhumansعَلَىby way ofجِهَةِdirection ofالْعِشْقِinfatuationوَطَلَبِand seekingالسِّفَادِ،intercourse,
And because female jinn only approach stricken human men out of infatuation and the desire for intercourse,
وَكَذَلِكَand likewiseرِجَالُthe men ofالْجِنِّthe jinnلِنِسَاءِfor the women ofبَنِيthe sons ofآدَمَ.Adam.
and likewise the male jinn for the women of the children of Adam.
وَمَنْAnd whoeverزَعَمَclaimedأَنَّthatالصَّرْعَepilepsy/possessionمِنَis fromالْمِرَّةِblack bileفَقَدْhas indeedرَدَّrejectedقَوْلَthe statement ofاللَّهِAllahعَزَّMightyوَجَلَّ:and Majestic is He:إِنَّ"Indeed,الَّذِينَthose whoيَأْكُلُونَconsumeالرِّبَاinterestلَاcannotيَقُومُونَstandإِلَّاexceptكَمَاas standsيَقُومُthe one whoالَّذِيis beatenيَتَخَبَّطُهُby Satanالشَّيْطَانُinto madnessمِنَdue toالْمَسِّtouch"،"
And whoever claimed that possession is from black bile has indeed rejected the statement of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: "Those who consume interest cannot stand except as stands one beaten by Satan into madness by touch",
وَقَالَand He saidجَلَّMajesticذِكْرُهُ:is His remembrance:""وَشَارِكْهُمْAnd share with themفِيinالْأَمْوَالِwealthوَالْأَوْلَادِand children"،"
and He, Majestic is His remembrance, said: "And share with them in wealth and children",
وَقَالَand He saidعَزَّMightyوَتَعَالَى:and Exalted is He:""لَمْNoيَطْمِثْهُنَّhas touched themإِنْسٌhumanقَبْلَهُمْbefore themوَلَاnorجَانٌّjinn"."
and Mighty and Exalted is He: "Whom neither man nor jinn has touched before them."
وَكَانَAnd wasعَبْدُAbdullahاللَّهِibnبْنُHilalهِلَالٍa grandsonسِبْطُof Iblisإِبْلِيسَfrom the sideمِنْof hisقَبْلِmothers.أُمَّهَاتِهِ.mothers.
And Abdullah ibn Hilal was a descendant of Iblis from his mothers' side.
وَرَوَىAnd narratedأَبُوAbuزَيْدٍZaydالنَّحْوِيُّal-Nahwiأَنَّthatسِعْلَاةًa female ghoulأَقَامَتْstayedفِيamongبَنِيBanuتَمِيمٍTamimحَتَّىuntilوَلَدَتْshe boreفِيهِمْamong themوَرَأَتْand she sawذَاتَoneيَوْمٍdayبَرْقاًlightningمِنْfromشِقِّthe direction ofبِلَادِthe land ofالسَّعَالِيthe ghouls,فَحَنَّتْso she yearnedإِلَىforوَطَنِهَاher homelandوَطَارَتْand flewإِلَيْهِمْ.to them.
And Abu Zayd Al-Nahwi narrated that a female ghoul stayed among Banu Tamim until she gave birth among them, and one day she saw lightning from the direction of the land of the ghouls, so she yearned for her homeland and flew back to them.
وَقَدْAnd it hasقِيلَbeen saidإِنَّthatالْوَاقْوَاقَthe waqwaq tree/creatureمِنْis fromنِتَاجِthe offspring ofمَاwhatبَيْنَis betweenبَعْضِsomeالنَّبَاتِplantsوَبَعْضِand someالْحَيَوَانِ.animals.
And it has been said that the waqwaq is from the offspring of what is between certain plants and certain animals.
وَقَدْAnd it hasقِيلَbeen saidإِنَّthatالثَّعْلَبَthe foxيَسْفِدُmates withالْهِرَّةَthe wildالْوَحْشِيَّةَcatفَيَخْرُجُand there comesمِنْoutبَيْنِهِمَاbetween themوَلَدٌan offspringفِيهِin which isمُشَابَهَةٌresemblanceمِنْهُمَا،to both of them.
And it has been said that the fox mates with the wild cat, and an offspring is produced between them that has a resemblance to both.
قَالَSaidحَسَّانُHassanبْنُson ofثَابِتٍ:Thabit:
Hassan ibn Thabit said:
أَبُوكَYour fatherأَبُوكَis your fatherوَأَنْتَand youابْنُهُare his son,......وَبِئْسَand wretched isالْبَنِيُّthe sonوَبِئْسَand wretchedالْأَبُis the father.
Your father is your father and you are his son ... and wretched is the son and wretched is the father.
وَأُمُّكَAnd your motherسَوْدَاءُis a blackنُوبِيَّةٌNubian woman,......كَأَنَّas ifأَنَامِلَهَاher fingertipsالْعَنْظَبُare locusts/beetles.
And your mother is a black Nubian woman ... as if her fingertips are locusts.