وَandالسَّمَاءِby the skyذَاتِpossessingالْبُرُوجِthe constellations
And by the sky containing constellations,
وَandالْيَوْمِthe dayالْمَوْعُودِpromised
And by the promised day,
وَandشَاهِدٍby a witnessوَandمَشْهُودٍwhat is witnessed
And by a witness and what is witnessed,
قُتِلَdestroyed wereأَصْحَابُthe companionsالْأُخْدُودِof the trench
Cursed be the companions of the trench,
الْمَعْنَىthe meaningأَنَّis thatالْمُجَازَاةَthe recompenseعَلَىforالْأَعْمَالِthe deedsحَقٌّis true
The meaning is that recompense for deeds is a truth.
إِذَاwhenالسَّمَاءُthe skyانْشَقَّتْsplits apart
When the sky splits apart,
وَandأَذِنَتْit listensلِtoرَبِّits Lordهَاandوَandحُقَّتْit is obligated
And obeys its Lord, as it is obliged to do,
وَandإِذَاwhenالْأَرْضُthe earthمُدَّتْis spread out
And when the earth is extended,
وَandأَلْقَتْit casts outمَاwhatفِيهَاis within itوَandتَخَلَّتْbecomes empty
And casts out what is within it and becomes empty,
وَandأَذِنَتْit listensلِtoرَبِّits Lordهَاandوَandحُقَّتْit is obligated
And obeys its Lord, as it is obliged to do,
يَاOأَيُّهَاyouالْإِنْسَانُmankindإِنَّكَindeed youكَادِحٌare toiling
O mankind, indeed you are toiling toward your Lord...
الْآيَةُthe verse
the verse.
الْمَعْنَىthe meaningأَنَّis thatالْحِسَابَthe accountوَandالْجَزَاءَrecompenseكَائِنٌare bound to happen
The meaning is that the reckoning and recompense are certain to occur.
إِبْدَالُshiftingالْخِطَابِfrom addressبِtoالْغَيْبَةِabsence
Shifting from Address to Absence:
٨8وَandأَحْيَانًاsometimesيَقْلِبُونَthey shiftأُسْلُوبَthe styleالْكَلامِof speechفَsoيَكُونُthe styleالْأُسْلُوبُmightمَثَلًاfor exampleيَقْتَضِيrequireالْخِطَابَdirect addressفَyetيَأْتُونَthey bringبِinالْغَائِبِthe absent formلِforمَعَانٍmeaningsمَرْعِيَّةٍtaken into consideration
And sometimes they shift the style of speech so that the context, for example, demands direct address, yet they use the third-person absent form for considered rhetorical reasons.
وَandمِنْamongأَمْثِلَتِits examplesهِisقَوْلُthe sayingهُofتَعَالَىthe Most High
Among its examples is His statement - the Most High -:
حَتَّىuntilإِذَاwhenكُنْتُمْyou areفِيinالْفُلْكِthe shipsوَandجَرَيْنَthey sailبِwithهِمْthemبِinرِيحٍwindطَيِّبَةٍfavorable
"Until, when you are in ships and they sail with them by a favorable wind..."
إِبْدَالُshiftingالْإِخْبَارِfrom informative statementبِtoالْإِنْشَاءِperformative/inchoative
Shifting from Informative Statement to Performative Expression:
وَandيَأْتُونَthey bringأَحْيَانًاsometimesبِwithالْجُمْلَةِthe sentenceالْإِنْشَائِيَّةِinchoative/imperativeمَكَانَin place ofالْخَبَرِيَّةِthe informative
And sometimes they bring a sentence of direct command or request in place of an informative statement.
وَandمِنْamongأَمْثِلَتِits examplesهِisقَوْلُthe sayingهُofتَعَالَىthe Most High
And among its examples is His statement - the Most High -:
فَsoامْشُواwalkفِيinمَنَاكِبِits regionsهَاits
"So walk among its regions"
أَيْmeaningلِtoتَمْشُواwalk
meaning: so that you may walk.
إِنْifكُنْتُمْyou areمُؤْمِنِينَbelievers
"If you are believers"
أَيْmeaningإِيمَانُyour faithكُمْyourيَقْتَضِيnecessitatesهَذَاthis
meaning: your faith necessitates this.