Al-Fawz al-Kabir fi Usul al-Tafsir

al fawz al kabir fi usul al tafsir

Page 58

لِأَنَّهُ

Because it

مُتَقَدِّمٌ

is advanced

رُتْبَةً،

in rank,

Because it is advanced in rank,

وَذُكِرَ

and the pronoun

الضَّمِيرُ

was mentioned

لِأَنَّ

because

الْمُرَادَ

the intended meaning

مِنَ

of

الْفِدْيَةِ

the fidya

هُوَ

is

الطَّعَامُ،

food,

and the pronoun was mentioned because the intended meaning of the fidya is food,

وَالْمُرَادُ

and the intended

مِنْهُ،

by it,

صَدَقَةُ

is the charity

الْفِطْرِ،

of fitr,

and by it is intended the charity of fitr,

عَقَّبَ

followed

اللَّهُ

Allah

- تَعَالَى -

- the Exalted -

الْأَمْرَ

the command

بِالصِّيَامِ

of fasting

Allah - the Exalted - followed the command of fasting

فِي

in

هَذِهِ

this

الْآيَةِ

verse

بِصَدَقَةِ

with the charity

الْفِطْرِ،

of fitr,

in this verse with the charity of fitr,

كَمَا

just as

عَقَّبَ

He followed

الْآيَةَ

the verse

الثَّانِيَةَ

second

بِتَكْبِيرَاتِ

with the takbirs

الْعِيدِ.

of Eid.

just as He followed the second verse with the takbirs of Eid.

٣ -

3 -

آيَةُ

The verse of

حِلِّ

permitting

الرَّفَثِ

sexual relations

لَيْلَةَ

during the night

الصِّيَامِ:

of fasting:

3 - The verse permitting sexual relations during the night of fasting:

وَقَوْلُهُ
And His statement
- تَعَالَى -:
- the Exalted -:
{أُحِلَّ
{It is made lawful
لَكُمْ
for you
لَيْلَةَ
the night
الصِّيَامِ
of the fast
الرَّفَثُ
sexual relations
إِلَى
with
نِسَائِكُمْ}
your wives}

And His statement - the Exalted -: {Permitted to you on the night of fasting is sexual relations to your wives}

نَاسِخَةٌ

is abrogating

لِقَوْلِهِ

to His statement

- تَعَالَى -:

- the Exalted -:

{كَمَا

{As

كُتِبَ

it was ordained

عَلَى

upon

الَّذِينَ

those

مِنْ

before

قَبْلِكُمْ}

you}

is abrogating His statement - the Exalted -: {As it was ordained upon those before you}

لِأَنَّ

because

مُقْتَضَاهُ

its implication

الْمُوَافَقَةُ

is agreement

فِيمَا

in what

كَانَ

was

عَلَيْهِمْ

upon them

مِنْ

of

تَحْرِيمِ

prohibition

الْأَكْلِ

of eating

وَالْوَطْءِ

and intercourse

بَعْدَ

after

النَّوْمِ،

sleep,

because its implication is agreement with what was upon them of the prohibition of eating and intercourse after sleep,

ذَكَرَهُ

mentioned it

ابْنُ

Ibn

الْعَرَبِيِّ،

al-Arabi,

mentioned it Ibn al-Arabi,

وَحَكَى

and he related

قَوْلًا

another

آخَرَ

saying

أَنَّهُ

that it

نُسِخَ

was abrogated

لِمَا

for what

كَانَ

was

بِالنِّسْبَةِ.

relative.

and he related another saying that it was abrogated for what was relative.

قُلْتُ:

I say:

مَعْنَى

The meaning of

"كَمَا

"as it was

كَتَبَ"

prescribed"

التَّشْبِيهُ

is the similarity

فِي

in

نَفْسِ

the very

الْوُجُوبِ

obligation

I say: The meaning of "as it was prescribed" is the similarity in the very obligation

فَلَا

so there is

نَسْخَ

no abrogation

إِنَّمَا

rather

هُوَ

it is

تَغَيُّرٌ

a change

لِمَا

for what

كَانَ

was

عِنْدَهُمْ

with them

قَبْلَ

before

الشَّرْعِ

the legislation

so there is no abrogation, rather it is a change for what was with them before the legislation

وَلَمْ

and we did not

نَجِدْ

find

دَلِيلًا

evidence

عَلَى

that

أَنَّ

the Prophet

النَّبِيَّ

- may Allah

- صَلَّى

bless him

اللَّهُ

and grant

عَلَيْهِ

him peace -

وَسَلَّمَ -

legislated

شَرَعَ

that

لَهُمْ

for them

ذَلِكَ،

that,

and we did not find evidence that the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - legislated that for them,

وَلَوْ

and even if

سُلِّمَ

it were conceded

فَإِنَّمَا

then it

كَانَ

was

ذَلِكَ

that

ثَابِتًا

established

بِالنِّسْبَةِ

relatively

(لَا

(not

أَنَّهُ

that he

شَرَعَهُ

legislated it

لَهُمْ

for them

وَأَمَرَهُمْ

and commanded them

بِهِ).

with it).

and even if it were conceded, then that was established relatively (not that he legislated it for them and commanded them with it).

٤ -

4 -

آيَةُ

The verse of

الْقِتَالِ

fighting

فِي

in

الشَّهْرِ

the sacred

الْحَرَامِ

month

4 - The verse of fighting in the sacred month

وَقَوْلُهُ
And His statement
- تَعَالَى -
- the Exalted -
يَسْأَلُونَكَ
"They ask you
عَنِ
about
الشَّهْرِ
the sacred
الْحَرَامِ
month
قِتَالٍ
fighting
فِيهِ
in it
الْآيَةَ،
verse",

And His statement - the Exalted - "They ask you about the sacred month - fighting in it" verse,

مَنْسُوخَةٌ

is abrogated

بِقَوْلِهِ:

by His statement:

{وَقَاتِلُوا

{And fight

الْمُشْرِكِينَ

the polytheists

كَافَّةً}

collectively}

الْآيَةَ.

verse.

is abrogated by His statement: {And fight the polytheists collectively} verse.

أَخْرَجَهُ

It was brought out

ابْنُ

by Ibn

جَرِيرٍ

Jarir

عَنْ

from

عَطَاءِ

Ata

بْنِ

son of

مَيْسَرَةَ.

Maisarah.

It was narrated by Ibn Jarir from Ata ibn Maisarah.

قُلْتُ:

I say:

هَذِهِ

This

الْآيَةُ

verse

لَا

does not

تَدُلُّ

indicate

عَلَى

the prohibition

تَحْرِيمِ

of

الْقِتَالِ،

fighting,

بَلْ

rather

تَدُلُّ

it indicates

I say: This verse does not indicate the prohibition of fighting, rather it indicates