Al-Fawz al-Kabir fi Usul al-Tafsir

al fawz al kabir fi usul al tafsir

Page 151

أُصُولُ

Origins

التَّوْجِيهِ

of guidance

وَضَوَابِطُهُ

and its controls

The origins and controls of guidance

لَمْ

were not

تَكُنْ

being

مُنَقَّحَةً

revised

وَاضِحَةً

or clear

فِي

in

عَصْرِهِمْ

their era

were not revised or clear in their era

فِي

regarding

تَوْجِيهِ

the guidance of

الْآيَاتِ

the verses

الْقُرْآنِيَّةِ

Quranic

regarding the guidance of the Quranic verses,

وَأَكْثَرُوا

and they did much

مِنْهُ

of it

and they did much of it.

حَقِيقَةُ

The reality of

التَّوْجِيهِ

guidance

The reality of guidance:

وَحَقِيقَةُ

And the reality of

التَّوْجِيهِ

guidance

هِيَ

is

أَنَّهُ

that it

And the reality of guidance is that

إِذَا

if

وَقَعَتْ

there occurs

صُعُوبَةٌ

a difficulty

فِي

in

فَهْمِ

understanding

كَلَامِ

the speech of

الْمُؤَلِّفِ

the author

if a difficulty occurs in understanding the author's speech

مَثَلًا

for example

- for example -

فَيَقِفُ

then stands

الشَّارِحُ

the commentator

عِنْدَ

at

ذَلِكَ

that

then the commentator stops at that,

وَيُيَسِّرُ

and he eases

هَذِهِ

this

الصُّعُوبَةَ

difficulty

وَيَحُلُّ

and solves

كُلَّ

every

غُمُوضٍ

obscurity

eases this difficulty, and resolves every obscurity.

وَلَمَّا

And since

كَانَتْ

were

عُقُولُ

the minds of

الْقُرَّاءِ

the readers

لِلْكِتَابِ

of the book

And since the minds of the readers of the book

وَمَدَارِكُهُمْ

and their perceptions

لَيْسَتْ

are not

فِي

at

مَرْتَبَةٍ

a level

وَاحِدَةٍ

single

and their perceptions are not at a single level,

فَلِذَلِكَ

therefore

يَخْتَلِفُ

differs

التَّوْجِيهُ

the guidance

لِلْمُبْتَدِئِينَ

for beginners

عَنِ

from

التَّوْجِيهِ

the guidance

لِلْمُنْتَهِينَ

for advanced learners

therefore guidance for beginners differs from guidance for advanced learners.

وَكَثِيرٌ

And much

مِمَّا

of what

يَصْعُبُ

is difficult

فَهْمُهُ

to understand

وَيَدِقُّ

and subtle

إِدْرَاكُهُ

to perceive

And much of what is difficult to understand and subtle to perceive

يَشْعُرُ

is sensed

بِهِ

by

الْمُنْتَهِي

the advanced learner

وَيَحْتَاجُ

and he needs

إِلَى

to

حَلِّهِ

its solution

is sensed by the advanced learner, and he needs its solution,

وَيَبْقَى

while remains

الْمُبْتَدِئُ

the beginner

فِي

in

غَفْلَةٍ

heedlessness

عَنْهُ

of it

while the beginner remains heedless of it

وَلَا

and does not

يُحِسُّ

feel

بِهِ

it

and does not feel it,

بَلْ

rather

لَا

he does not

يَسْتَطِيعُ

have the ability

أَنْ

to

يُحِيطَ

comprehend

بِهِ

it

rather, he cannot comprehend it

وَيُدْرِكَهُ

and perceive it

حَقَّ

the true

إِدْرَاكِهِ

perception of it

and perceive it with true perception.

وَهُنَالِكَ

And there is

كَثِيرٌ

much

مِنَ

of

الْكَلَامِ

speech

And there is much speech

يَسْتَصْعِبُهُ

that finds difficult

الْمُبْتَدِئُ

the beginner

that the beginner finds difficult

وَلَا

and does not

يَحْصُلُ

occur

فِي

in

ذِهْنِ

the mind of

الْمُنْتَهِي

the advanced learner

شَيْءٌ

anything

مِنَ

of

الصُّعُوبَةِ

difficulty

while nothing of that difficulty occurs in the mind of the advanced learner.

التَّوْجِيهُ

Guidance

فِي

in

الْقُرْآنِ

the Quran

Guidance in the Quran:

وَلَمَّا

And since

كَانَ

was

الْقُرْآنُ

the Quran

الْكَرِيمُ

Noble

And since the Noble Quran

أَحَاطَ

encompassed

بِجَمِيعِ

all

الْعُقُولِ

minds

الْبَشَرِيَّةِ

human

encompassed all human minds

وَأَطْرَافِ

and the limits of

الْمَدَارِكِ

perceptions

الْإِنْسَانِيَّةِ

human

and the limits of human perceptions,

فَإِنَّهُ

then indeed it

قَدْ

has

رَاعَى

considered

حَالَ

the state of

جُمْهُورِ

the generality of

الْقُرَّاءِ

readers

it has indeed considered the state of the generality of readers,

وَتَحَدَّثَ

and spoke

عَلَى

according to

قَدْرِ

the measure of

عُقُولِهِمْ

their minds

وَأَذْهَانِهِمْ

and intellects

and spoke according to the measure of their minds and intellects.

فَفِي

So in

آيَاتِ

the verses of

الْجَدَلِ

dialectic

الْقُرْآنِيِّ

Quranic

So in the verses of Quranic debate,

يَقُومُ

is based

التَّوْجِيهُ

guidance

عَلَى

upon

تَحْرِيرِ

clarifying

مَذَاهِبِ

the doctrines of

تِلْكَ

those

الْفِرَقِ

sects

guidance is based on clarifying the doctrines of those sects

الَّتِي

which

تَحَدَّثَ

spoke

عَنْهَا

about them

الْقُرْآنُ

the Quran

which the Quran spoke about,

وَتَنْقِيحِ

and refining

وُجُوهِ

the aspects of

الْإِلْزَامِ

binding argument

and refining the aspects of binding argument.

وَفِي

And in

آيَاتِ

the verses of

الْأَحْكَامِ

rulings

And in the verses of rulings,

يَنْبَنِي

is built

التَّوْجِيهُ

guidance

عَلَى

upon

تَوْضِيحِ

clarifying

الْمَسْأَلَةِ

the issue

guidance is built upon clarifying the issue.