al fawz al kabir fi usul al tafsir

Page 140

الْفَصْلُTheالثَّانِيsecond

The second chapter

فِيInبَيَانِexplainingالْآثَارِthe narrated reportsالْمَرْوِيَّةِtransmittedفِيinتَفَاسِيرِthe exegesesأَصْحَابِof the scholarsالْحَدِيثِof Hadithمِنَfromالْمُفَسِّرِينَthe exegetesوَمَاand whatيَتَعَلَّقُrelatesبِهَاto themمِنْofمُهِمَّاتٍimportant matters

In explaining the narrated reports in the exegeses of the Hadith scholars among the exegetes and what relates to them of important matters

قِسْمَانِTwo categoriesمِنْofأَسْبَابِreasonsالنُّزُولِfor revelation

Two categories of reasons for revelation

إِنَّIndeedمِنَfromالرِّوَايَاتِthe narrationsوَالْآثَارِand reportsالْمَرْوِيَّةِnarratedفِيinكُتُبِthe booksالتَّفْسِيرِof exegesis

Indeed, among the narrations and reports narrated in the books of exegesis

الَّتِيwhichأَلَّفَهَاauthoredأَصْحَابُthe scholarsالْحَدِيثِof Hadithمِنَfromالْمُفَسِّرِينَthe exegetes

authored by the scholars of Hadith among the exegetes

مَاis that whichيَشْتَمِلُincludesعَلَىan explanationبَيَانِofأَسْبَابِthe reasonsالنُّزُولِfor revelation

what includes an explanation of the reasons for revelation

وَأَسْبَابُand the reasonsالنُّزُولِfor revelationتَنْقَسِمُare dividedإِلَىintoقِسْمَيْنِtwo categories

and the reasons for revelation are divided into two categories

  • الْأَوَّلُThe firstأَنْis thatيَقَعَoccursحَادِثٌan event

    • The first is that an event occurs

  • يُمَحَّصُby which is testedبِهِtherebyإِيمَانُthe faithالْمُؤْمِنِينَof the believersوَنِفَاقُand the hypocrisyالْمُنَافِقِينَof the hypocrites

    • by which the faith of the believers and the hypocrisy of the hypocrites are tested

  • كَمَاasوَقَعَoccurredذَلِكَthatفِيinغَزْوَتَيْthe two battlesأُحُدٍof Uhudوَالْأَحْزَابِand the Confederates

    • as that occurred in the two battles of Uhud and the Confederates

  • وَيُنْزِلُand Allah sends downاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَىExalted is Heمَاwhatيَمْدَحُpraisesالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believersوَيَذُمُّand condemnsالْمُنَافِقِينَthe hypocrites

    • and Allah, the Exalted, sends down what praises the believers and condemns the hypocrites

  • لِيَكُونَso that it may beخَطّاًa lineفَاصِلاًdividingوَفَارِقاًand distinguishingمُمَيِّزاًand differentiatingبَيْنَbetweenالْفَرِيقَيْنِthe two groups

    • so that it may be a dividing, distinguishing, and differentiating line between the two groups

  • وَتَقَعُand there occursفِيinأَثْنَاءِthe course ofذِكْرِmentioningالْقُرْآنِthe QuranالْكَرِيمِNobleهَذَاthisالْحَادِثَevent

    • and in the course of the Noble Quran's mention of this event

  • وَوَصْفِand descriptionالْفَرِيقَيْنِof the two groupsتَعْرِيضَاتٌmany allusionsكَثِيرَةٌnumerousبِخُصُوصِيَّاتِto the specificsالْحَادِثِof the eventوَمُتَعَلِّقَاتِهِand its related matters

    • and description of the two groups, there are many allusions to the specifics of the event and its related matters

  • فَلَاso it isبُدَّinevitableإِذَنْthenأَنْthatتُشْرَحَbe explainedقِصَّةُthe storyهَذَاof thisالْحَادِثِevent

    • so it is then inevitable that the story of this event be explained

  • بِصُورَةٍin a mannerمُخْتَصَرَةٍbriefحَتَّىso thatيَتَضَحَbecomes clearلِلْقَارِئِto the readerسِيَاقُthe contextالْحَادِثِof the eventوَخَلْفِيَّاتِهِand its backgrounds

    • in a brief manner so that the context of the event and its backgrounds become clear to the reader

  • الثَّانِيThe secondأَنْis thatيَكُونَbeمَعْنَىthe meaningالْآيَةِof the verseمُسْتَقِلّاًindependentتَمَاماًcompletely

    • The second is that the meaning of the verse be completely independent

  • بِعُمُومِby the generalityصِيغَتِهَاof its wordingمِنْwithoutدُونِanyحَاجَةٍneedإِلَىtoمَعْرِفَةِknowingتِلْكَthatالْقِصَّةِstory

    • by the generality of its wording without any need to know that story

  • أَوْorالْإِلْمَامِfamiliarityبِالْحَادِثِwith the incident

    • or familiarity with the incident