al fawz al kabir fi usul al tafsir

Page 124

كَالزَّهْرِlike the flowerفِيinشَرَفٍnobility

Like the flower in nobility

وَالْبَدْرِand the full moonفِيinشَرَفٍnobility

and the full moon in nobility.

وَالْبَحْرِand the seaفِيinكَرَمٍgenerosity

And the sea in generosity

وَالدَّهْرِand timeفِيinهِمَمٍhigh aspirations

and time in high aspirations.

السِّرُّThe secretفِيinقِصَرِthe shortness ofآيَةٍa verseمَعَwithطُولِthe length ofأُخْرَىanother

The secret in the shortness of a verse with the length of another:

وَتَأْتِيAnd comesأَحْيَانًاsometimesآيَةٌa verseطَوِيلَةٌlongمَعَwithآيَةٍa verseقَصِيرَةٍshort

And sometimes a long verse comes with a short verse,

وَالسِّرُّand the secretفِيinمِثْلِsuchهَذِهِtheseالْمَوَاضِعِplaces

and the secret in such places

أَنَّهُis thatلَوْifوُضِعَwere placedحُسْنُthe beauty ofالْكَلَامِspeech

is that if the beauty of speech

وَجَمَالُand the elegance ofالتَّعْبِيرِexpressionالَّذِيwhichنَشَأَoriginated

and elegance of expression that originated

مِنْfromتَقَارُبِthe closeness ofالْوَزْنِmeterوَوِجْدَانِand findingالْأَمْرِthe matterالْمُنْتَظَرِawaitedالْمَطْلُوبِdesired

from the proximity of meter and finding the awaited desired matter

الَّذِيwhichهُوَisالْقَافِيَةُthe rhymeحَسَبَمَاaccording to whatعَرَفْتَyou knewبِهَاby it

which is the rhyme (according to what you knew by it)

فِيinكَفَّةٍone scale

in one scale,

وَوُضِعَand were placedحُسْنُthe beauty ofالْكَلَامِspeech

and the beauty of speech

وَعُذُوبَةُand the sweetness ofالْعِبَارَةِthe phraseالنَّاشِئَةِarisingمِنْfromسُهُولَةِthe ease ofالْأَدَاءِdelivery

and sweetness of phrase arising from the ease of delivery

وَسَلَاسَتِهِand its fluencyوَمُوَافَقَةِand conformity toطَبْعِthe nature ofالْكَلَامِspeech

and its fluency, conformity to the nature of speech,

وَعَدَمِand absence ofلُحُوقِaffectingأَيِّanyتَغَيُّرٍchangeفِيهِin itفِيinكَفَّةٍanother scaleأُخْرَىother

and lack of any change in it in another scale,

فَإِنَّthen indeedالْفِطْرَةَthe innate dispositionالسَّلِيمَةَsoundسَوْفَwillتَمِيلُinclineإِلَىtowardجَانِبِthe side ofالْمَعْنَىmeaning

then the sound innate disposition will incline toward the side of meaning

وَتُرَجِّحُهُand favor itفَيُهْمَلُso is neglectedلِذَلِكَdue to thatانْتِظَارُwaiting forشَيْءٍsomething

and favor it, so waiting for something is neglected for that

وَهُوَand it isالْقَافِيَةُthe rhyme

(which is the rhyme)

وَيُؤَدَّىand is fulfilledحَقُّthe right ofالِانْتِظَارِwaitingوَالطَّلَبِand the demandالْآخَرِotherكَامِلًاcompleteمَوْفُورًاabundantوَهُوَand it isالْجَانِبُthe aspectالْمَعْنَوِيُّmeaningful

and the right of waiting and the other demand is fulfilled completely and abundantly (which is the meaningful aspect).

أَسَالِيبُStylesتَنَوُّعَةٌdiverseأُخْرَىotherفِيinالسُّوَرِthe surahs

Other diverse styles in the surahs:

وَمَاAnd whatقُلْنَاwe saidفِيinمُفْتَتَحِthe opening ofهَذَاthisالْبَحْثِdiscussion

And what we said at the opening of this discussion

أَنَّthatسُنَّةَthe practice ofاللَّهِAllahتَعَالَىExalted is Heجَرَتْproceededعَلَىuponذَلِكَthat

that the practice of Allah - the Exalted - proceeded upon that

فِيinأَكْثَرِmost ofالسُّوَرِthe surahsالْقُرْآنِيَّةِQuranic

in most of the Quranic surahs,

إِنَّمَاis onlyهُوَitلِأَجْلِfor the sake thatبَعْضَsome ofالسُّوَرِthe surahsالْقُرْآنِيَّةِQuranic

is only for the reason that some of the Quranic surahs

لَمْnot يُرَاعَwas observedفِيهَاin itهَذَاthisالنَّوْعُtypeمِنْofالْوَزْنِmeterوَالْقَافِيَةِand rhyme

did not observe in it this type of meter and rhyme.

فَجَاءَتْSo cameطَائِفَةٌa groupمِنْofهَذِهِtheseالسُّوَرِsurahs

So a group of these surahs came

عَلَىuponطَرِيقِthe way ofخُطَبِthe speeches ofالْخُطَبَاءِorators

upon the manner of the speeches of orators,

وَأَمْثِلَةِand the examples ofالْبُلَغَاءِeloquent peopleوَالْحُكَمَاءِand wise people

the examples of eloquent speakers and wise people.

وَلَعَلَّكَAnd perhaps youقَدْhaveسَمِعْتَheardرِوَايَةَthe narration ofسَمَرِnight conversation ofالنِّسَاءِwomen

And perhaps you have heard the narration of women's night conversation

الَّتِيwhichرَوَتْهَاnarrated itعَائِشَةُAishaرَضِيَmay Allah be pleasedاللَّهُwith Allahعَنْهَاwith her

which Aisha - may Allah be pleased with her - narrated,

وَنَظَرْتَand you lookedفِيatقَوَافِيهَاits rhymes

and you looked at its rhymes.