Al-Fawz al-Kabir fi Usul al-Tafsir

al fawz al kabir fi usul al tafsir

Page 116

يَكُونُ

It is

عِبَارَةً

an expression

عَنْ

of

كَلِمَةٍ

a word

وَاحِدَةٍ

single

It is an expression of a single word

أَوْ

or

عَنْ

of

تَرْكِيبِ

a combination

كَلِمَتَيْنِ،

of two words,

or a combination of two words,

أَوْ

or

أَكْثَرَ.

more.

or more.

وَهُمْ

And they

يَتَغَنَّوْنَ

chant

بِهَا

with it

كَالْقَصَائِدِ،

like poems,

And they chant with it like poems,

وَيَتَمَتَّعُونَ

and enjoy

بِهَا.

it.

and enjoy it.

فَالْحَاصِلُ

So the conclusion

- إِذْنُ -

- then -

أَنَّ

is that

لِكُلِّ

for every

قَوْمٍ

people

قَانُوناً

a law

وَضَوَابِطَ

and controls

خَاصَّةً

special

لِكَلاَمِهِمُ

for their speech

الْمَنْظُومِ

versified

So the conclusion - then - is that for every people there is a law and special controls for their versified speech

مَعَ

along with

الْقَدْرِ

the amount

الْمُشْتَرَكِ

shared

الَّذِي

which

أَلْمَحْنَا

we alluded

إِلَيْهِ.

to it.

along with the shared amount which we alluded to.

[مُتْعَةُ

[The enjoyment

النَّاسِ

of people

بِالأَصْوَاتِ

by voices

الْمُطْرِبَةِ

melodious

وَالأَنْغَامِ

and tunes

الْحُلْوَةِ:]

sweet:]

[The enjoyment of people by melodious voices and sweet tunes:]

وَعَلَى

And upon

هَذَا

this

تَجِدُ

you find

جَمِيعَ

all

أَصْنَافِ

sorts

النَّاسِ

of people

وَشُعُوبِهِمْ

and their nations

And upon this you find all sorts of people and their nations

يَجِدُونَ

finding

مُتْعَةً

enjoyment

وَلَذَّةً

and pleasure

غَرِيبَةً

strange

فِي

in

الأَصْوَاتِ

the voices

وَالأَلْحَانِ،

and melodies,

finding strange enjoyment and pleasure in voices and melodies,

الْمُطْرِبَةِ

melodious

الْجَمِيلَةِ،

beautiful,

وَالنَّغَمَاتِ

and tunes

الْمُوسِيقِيَّةِ

musical

الْفَاتِنَةِ،

captivating,

the melodious beautiful, and captivating musical tunes,

لا

no

اخْتِلاَفَ

disagreement

بَيْنَهُمْ

among them

فِي

in

ذَلِكَ،

that,

no disagreement among them in that,

إِلاَّ

except

أَنَّ

that

طُرُقَ

ways

تَنْغِيمِهِمْ

of their intonation

وَأَسَالِيبَ

and methods

تَلْحِينِهِمْ،

of their composition,

except that the ways of their intonation, the methods of their composition,

وَقَوَاعِدَ

and rules

الْغِنَاءِ

of singing

عِنْدَهُمْ

among them

تَخْتَلِفُ

differ

فِيمَا

among

بَيْنَهُمْ.

themselves.

and the rules of singing among them differ among themselves.

أَوْزَانُ

Meters

الْيُونَانِيِّينَ

of the Greeks

لِلأَلْحَانِ:

for melodies:

Meters of the Greeks for melodies:

وَقَدْ

And indeed

وَضَعَ

laid down

الْيُونَانِيُّونَ

the Greeks

عَدَداً

a number

مِنَ

of

الأَوْزَانِ

meters

لِهَذِهِ

for these

الأَلْحَانِ

melodies

And indeed the Greeks laid down a number of meters for these melodies

وَيُسَمُّونَهَا

and they call them

"الْمَقَامَاتِ"

"Al-Maqamat"

وَقَدْ

and indeed

اسْتَنْبَطُوا

they derived

مِنَ

from

الْمَقَامَاتِ

the maqamat

أَصْوَاتاً،

sounds,

and they call them "Al-Maqamat" and they derived from the maqamat sounds,

وَأَقْسَاماً

and sections

وَاسْتَخْرَجُوا

and extracted

نَغَمَاتٍ

tunes

وَأَلْحاناً

and melodies

and sections and extracted tunes and melodies

جَعَلُوهَا

they made it

فَنّاً

an art

مَبْسُوطاً

expanded

مَفَصَّلاً

detailed

مُسْتَقِلاً،

independent,

مَعَ

along with

ضَبْطِ

precision of

الْقَوَاعِدِ

the rules

وَالأُصُولِ.

and principles.

they made it an expanded, detailed, independent art, along with the precision of rules and principles.

أَوْزَانُ

Meters

الْهُنُودِ

of the Indians

وَأَلْحَانُهُمْ:

and their melodies:

Meters of the Indians and their melodies:

كَذَلِكَ

Likewise

وَضَعَ

laid down

الْهُنُودُ

the Indians

سِتَّةَ

six

أَلْحَانٍ،

melodies,

Likewise the Indians laid down six melodies,

ثُمَّ

then

اسْتَخْرَجُوا

they extracted

مِنْهَا

from them

نَغَمَاتٍ

tunes

وَتَلْحِينَاتٍ

and compositions

مُتَعَدِّدَةً،

multiple,

then they extracted from them multiple tunes and compositions,

وَقَدْ

And indeed

رَأَيْنَا

we saw

أَهْلَ

the people

الرِّيفِ

of the countryside

مِنْهُمُ

among them

الَّذِينَ

who

لا

do not

يَعْرِفُونَ

know

هَذَيْنِ

these two

الْمِصْطَلَحَيْنِ،

terms,

And indeed we saw the people of the countryside among them who do not know these two terms,

اخْتَرَعُوا

they invented

لَهُمْ

for themselves

تَرْكِيباً

a combination

خَاصّاً

special

وَلَحْناً

and a melody

خَاصّاً

special

حَسَبَ

according to

سَلِيقَتِهِمُ

their instinct

الْفِطْرِيَّةِ

innate

وَذَوْقِهِمُ

and their taste

الْفَنِّيِّ،

artistic,

they invented for themselves a special combination and a special melody according to their innate instinct and artistic taste,

وَوَضَعُوا

and they placed

لأَنْفُسِهِمْ

for themselves

أَوْزاناً

meters

مِنْ

without

دُونِ

without

أَنْ

that

يَضْبُطُوا

they control

لَهَا

for it

الْقَوَاعِدَ

the rules

وَالْكُلِّيَّاتِ،

and generalities,

وَيَسْتَقْضُوا

and investigate thoroughly

and they placed for themselves meters without them controlling for it the rules and generalities, and investigating thoroughly